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Matlab/Simulink is a development and simulation language that is widely used by the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) industry to model dynamical systems. There are two mainstream approaches to verify CPS Simulink models: model testing that…
This paper presents the verification of control systems implemented in Simulink. The goal is to ensure that high-level requirements on control performance, like stability, are satisfied by the Simulink diagram. A two stage process is…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) play a central role in the behavior of a wide range of autonomous physical systems such as medical devices, autonomous vehicles, and smart homes, many of which are safety-critical. CPSs are often specified…
Debugging Cyber-Physical System (CPS) models can be extremely complex. Indeed, only the detection of a failure is insuffcient to know how to correct a faulty model. Faults can propagate in time and in space producing observable…
The integration of machine learning (ML) into cyber-physical systems (CPS) offers significant benefits, including enhanced efficiency, predictive capabilities, real-time responsiveness, and the enabling of autonomous operations. This…
The effectiveness of a test suite in detecting faults highly depends on the correctness and completeness of its test oracles. Large Language Models (LLMs) have already demonstrated remarkable proficiency in tackling diverse software testing…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) software is used to enforce desired behaviours on physical systems. To test the interaction between the CPS software and the system's physics, engineers provide traces of desired physical states and observe…
Ensuring correctness of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an extremely challenging task that is in practice often addressed with simulation based testing. Formal specification languages, such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL), are used to…
MATLAB/Simulink is the leading tool for simulating complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The simulation models of complex CPSs are typically compute intensive, and the execution of test cases is long. Furthermore, the execution of test…
In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input…
Software testing remains the most widely used methodology for validating quality of code. However, effectiveness of testing critically depends on the quality of test suites used. Test cases in a test suite consist of two fundamental parts:…
Precise test oracles for reactive systems such as critical control systems and communication protocols can be modelled with deterministic finite state machines (FSMs). Among other roles, they serve in evaluating the correctness of systems…
The software development for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), e.g., autonomous vehicles, requires both functional and non-functional quality assurance to guarantee that the CPS operates safely and effectively. EAST-ADL is a domain specific…
Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorously specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., systems mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous environment or analog com- ponents. STL…
Simulink is widely used in industrial design processes to model increasingly complex embedded control systems. Thus, their formal analysis is highly desirable. However, this comes with two major challenges: First, Simulink models often…
Large Language Models (LLMs), deep learning architectures with typically over 10 billion parameters, have recently begun to be integrated into various cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as robotics, industrial automation, and autopilot…
Testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires complex oracles to determine if the AVs behavior conforms with specifications and humans' expectations. Available open source oracles are tightly embedded in the AV simulation software and are…
Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…
In this paper, we propose conformal inference based approach for statistical verification of CPS models. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous vehicles, avionic systems, and medical devices operate in highly uncertain…
Failures in safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), both software and hardware-related, can lead to severe incidents impacting physical infrastructure or even harming humans. As a result, extensive simulations and field tests need to…