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A physical experiment comprises along the time trajectory a start, a time evolution (duration), and an end, which is the measurement. In non relativistic quantum mechanics the start of the experiment is defined by the wave function at time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-14 Roland Riek

In order to make the quantum mechanics a closed theory one has to derive the Born rule from the first principles, like the Schroedinger equation, rather than postulate it. The Born rule was in certain sense derived in several articles, e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 G. B. Lesovik

While the Born rule is traditionally introduced as a separate postulate of quantum mechanics, we show it emerges naturally from a modified Schr\"odinger equation that includes "small-signal truncation". This parallels the way quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Martin Weidner

It was repeatedly underlined in literature that quantum mechanics cannot be considered a closed theory if the Born Rule is postulated rather than derived from the first principles. In this work the Born Rule is derived from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Aleksey V. Ilyin

Quantum theory has evolved from a set of provisional rules to an indispensable framework that underlies much of modern technology and infrastructure. Yet, after a century, Born's probability postulate remains at odds with the theory's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Lionel Brits

To solve the probability problem of the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, D.Wallace has presented a formal proof of the Born rule via decision theory, as proposed by D.Deutsch. The idea is to get subjective probabilities from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 André L. G. Mandolesi

A basic postulate of modern compositional approaches to generalised physical theories is the generalised Born rule, in which probabilities are postulated to be computable from the composition of states and effects. In this paper we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Gaurang Agrawal , Matt Wilson

The central limit theorem has been found to apply to random vectors in complex Hilbert space. This amounts to sufficient reason to study the complex valued Gaussian, looking for relevance to quantum mechanics. Here we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-13 P. M. Grinwald

The predictions of quantum mechanics are probabilistic. Quantum probabilities are extracted using a postulate of the theory called the Born rule, the status of which is central to the "measurement problem" of quantum mechanics. Efforts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-13 T. G. Philbin

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

The Born rule is derived from operational assumptions, independent of the normalization of the state. Unlike Gleason's theorem, the argument applies even if probabilities are defined for only a single resolution of the identity, so it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Saunders

The quantum formalism is a ``measurement'' formalism--a phenomenological formalism describing certain macroscopic regularities. We argue that it can be regarded, and best be understood, as arising from Bohmian mechanics, which is what…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Detlef Dürr , Sheldon Goldstein , Nino Zanghí

We present a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics, from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Combined to Gleason's theorem, this approach naturally leads to the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-07 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

It is shown that Schroedinger's equation may be derived from three postulates. The first is a kind of statistical metamorphosis of classical mechanics, a set of two relations which are obtained from the canonical equations of particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-09 U. Klein

In this treatise I introduce the time dependent Generalized Born's Rule for the probabilities of quantum events, including conditional and consecutive probabilities, as the unique fundamental time evolution equation of quantum theory. Then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Stephen Bruce Sontz

In this work, we show that the quantum mechanical notions of density operator, positive operator-valued measure (POVM), and the Born rule, are all simultaneously encoded in the categorical notion of a natural transformation of functors. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Boyu Yang , James Fullwood

The Born rule is part of the collapse axiom in the standard version of quantum theory, as presented by standard textbooks on the subject. We show here that its signature quadratic dependence follows from a single additional physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Jay Lawrence , Philip Goyal

According to the Born rule, the probability density in quantum theory is determined by the square of the wave function. A generally accepted derivation of this rule has not yet been proposed. In the given work, a simple physical picture is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 S. S. Afonin

Considered is the Schr\"odinger equation in a finite-dimensional space as an equation of mathematical physics derivable from the variational principle and treatable in terms of the Lagrange-Hamilton formalism. It provides an interesting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-03-17 J. J. Sławianowski , V. Kovalchuk

New insight to the principles of the quantum physics development is given. The correct ways for the construction of new versions of quantum mechanics on the second main postulate base are discussed. The conclusion on the status of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Dmitri Yerchuck , Alla Dovlatova , Felix Borovik , Yauhen Yerchak , Vyacheslav Stelmakh
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