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This paper proposes a totally constructive approach for the proof of Hilbert's theorem on ternary quartic forms. The main contribution is the ladder technique, with which the Hilbert's theorem is proved vividly.

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Jia Xu , Yong Yao

We introduce a class of real algebraic varieties characterised by a simple rationality condition, which exhibit strong properties regarding approximation of continuous and smooth mappings by regular ones. They form a natural counterpart to…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Juliusz Banecki

We consider infinite connected quasi-transitive locally finite graphs and show that every such graph with more than one end is a tree amalgamation of two other such graphs. This can be seen as a graph-theoretical version of Stallings'…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Matthias Hamann , Florian Lehner , Babak Miraftab , Tim Rühmann

We give a precise description of combed trees in terms of Kelly-Mac Lane graphs. We show that any combed tree is uniquely expressed as an allowable Kelly-Mac Lane graph of a certain shape. Conversely, we show that any such Kelly-Mac Lane…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eugenia Cheng

We provide a short proof for the Figiel, Lindenstrauss and Milman inequality regarding the number of vertices and faces of certain polytope, with an explicit bound on the universal constant involved. The proof is completely elementary and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Tomer Milo

We give a generalization of the theory of $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded manifolds to a theory of $\mathcal{I}$-graded manifolds, where $\mathcal{I}$ is a commutative semi-ring with some additional properties. We prove Batchelor's theorem in this…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Shuhan Jiang

We present the history and previous approaches to the proof of Stirling's series. We use a different procedure, based on the asymptotic analysis of the difference equation $\Gamma(z+1)=z\Gamma(z)$. The method reproduces Stirling's series…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Diego Dominici

This thesis studies matrix field theories, which are a special type of matrix models. First, the different types of applications are pointed out, from (noncommutative) quantum field theory over 2-dimensional quantum gravity up to algebraic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-05-18 Alexander Hock

In this paper we prove a combinatorial theorem for finite labellings of trees, and show that it is equivalent to a theorem for finite covers of metric trees and a fixed point theorem on metric trees. We trace how these connections mimic the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-10 Andrew Niedermaier , Douglas Rizzolo , Francis Edward Su

The celebrated Wedderburn-Artin theorem states that a simple left artinian ring is isomorphic to the ring of matrices over a division ring. We give a short and self-contained proof which avoids the use of modules.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Matej Brešar

From the matrix point of view, we use the recursion to discuss four combinatorial numbers in terms of the integer lattice paths, this is different from Andr\'a's method (Andra). We give four tables and matrices, and their relations, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-23 Jishe Feng

We study distribution of zeros of a complex polynomial whose coefficients has been modified. We give a new proof of the theorem of Rubinstein, and with similar method we prove a new theorem that is not generalization of the previous…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Radosh Bakich

In this paper, we give a simple combinatorial explanation of a formula of A. Postnikov relating bicolored rooted trees to bicolored binary trees. We also present generalized formulas for the number of labeled k-ary trees, rooted labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Seunghyun Seo

We propose a new topological invariant of unlabeled trees of N nodes. The invariant is a set of Nx2 matrices of integers, with sum_j k^{d_{i,j}} and v_i as the matrix elements, where d_{i,j} are the elements of the distance matrix and v_i…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Piec , K. Malarz , K. Kulakowski

Rooted tree maps assign to an element of the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees a linear map on the noncommutative polynomial algebra in two letters. Evaluated at any admissible word these maps induce linear relations between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Henrik Bachmann , Tatsushi Tanaka

Given a finite Markov chain, we investigate the first minors of the transition matrix of a lifting of this Markov chain to covering trees. In a simple case we exhibit a nice factorisation of these minors, and we conjecture that it holds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Philippe Biane

We show that Isserlis' theorem follows as a corollary to the invariant tensor theorem for isotropic tensors.

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Hans Z. Munthe-Kaas , Olivier Verdier , Gilles Vilmart

We show the Graceful Tree Conjecture holds.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-08-02 Jesse Gilbert

The aim of this note is to give a quick algebraic proof of (the combinatorial part of) the classification theorem for compact real surfaces, whose classical proofs (as in the Massey book and in the Conway ZIP proof) are based on surgery…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-04-26 Maurizio Cailotto

This is a short exposition--mostly by way of the toy models ``double logarithm'' and ``triple logarithm''--which should serve as an introduction to a forthcoming article in which we establish a connection between multiple polylogarithms,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Herbert Gangl , Alexander B. Goncharov , Andrey Levin