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This paper investigates the prospect of developing human-interpretable, explainable artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on active inference and the free energy principle. We first provide a brief overview of active inference, and in…

EXplainable AI (XAI) methods have been proposed to interpret how a deep neural network predicts inputs through model saliency explanations that highlight the parts of the inputs deemed important to arrive a decision at a specific target.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Yi-Shan Lin , Wen-Chuan Lee , Z. Berkay Celik

A surge of interest in explainable AI (XAI) has led to a vast collection of algorithmic work on the topic. While many recognize the necessity to incorporate explainability features in AI systems, how to address real-world user needs for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Q. Vera Liao , Daniel Gruen , Sarah Miller

The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) often focuses on users with a strong technical background, making it challenging for non-experts to understand XAI methods. This paper presents "x-[plAIn]", a new approach to make XAI…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in our everyday technologies and impacts both individuals and communities. The explainable AI (XAI) scholarship has explored the philosophical nature of explanation and technical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Yubo Kou , Xinning Gui

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in almost every field. At the same time, the currently dominant deep learning methods are fundamentally black-box systems that lack explanations for their inferences, significantly limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Martina Mattioli , Eike Petersen , Aasa Feragen , Marcello Pelillo , Siavash A. Bigdeli

Recent work in explanation generation for decision making agents has looked at how unexplained behavior of autonomous systems can be understood in terms of differences in the model of the system and the human's understanding of the same,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Tathagata Chakraborti , Sarath Sreedharan , Sachin Grover , Subbarao Kambhampati

In recent years, agents have become capable of communicating seamlessly via natural language and navigating in environments that involve cooperation and competition, a fact that can introduce social dilemmas. Due to the interleaving of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Maayan Orner , Oleg Maksimov , Akiva Kleinerman , Charles Ortiz , Sarit Kraus

Understanding the decisions made and actions taken by increasingly complex AI system remains a key challenge. This has led to an expanding field of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), highlighting the potential of…

Explainable AI (XAI) research has been booming, but the question "$\textbf{To whom}$ are we making AI explainable?" is yet to gain sufficient attention. Not much of XAI is comprehensible to non-AI experts, who nonetheless, are the primary…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Helen Jiang , Erwen Senge

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become critical in enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems, especially as these systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shengxin Hong , Xiuyi Fan

Explainability in AI is gaining attention in the computer science community in response to the increasing success of deep learning and the important need of justifying how such systems make predictions in life-critical applications. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 David Tuckey , Alessandra Russo , Krysia Broda

Building a machine learning driven spoken dialog system for goal-oriented interactions involves careful design of intents and data collection along with development of intent recognition models and dialog policy learning algorithms. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Saurav Sahay , Shachi H Kumar , Eda Okur , Haroon Syed , Lama Nachman

Explainability is becoming an important requirement for organizations that make use of automated decision-making due to regulatory initiatives and a shift in public awareness. Various and significantly different algorithmic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Tom Vermeire , Thibault Laugel , Xavier Renard , David Martens , Marcin Detyniecki

In computer vision, explainable AI (xAI) methods seek to mitigate the 'black-box' problem by making the decision-making process of deep learning models more interpretable and transparent. Traditional xAI methods concentrate on visualizing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Hyeonggeun Yun

Explainable AI (XAI) helps users interpret model behavior and identify potential faults. Agentic XAI systems use Large Language Models (LLMs) to make explanations more accessible through natural-language interaction, but they can also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jaechang Kim , Sunung Mun , Seungjoon Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Jungseul Ok

The task of conducting visually grounded dialog involves learning goal-oriented cooperative dialog between autonomous agents who exchange information about a scene through several rounds of questions and answers in natural language. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Akshat Agarwal , Swaminathan Gurumurthy , Vasu Sharma , Mike Lewis , Katia Sycara

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI systems more transparent, yet many practices emphasise mathematical rigour over practical user needs. We propose an alternative to this model-centric approach by following a design thinking process for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Elisa Nguyen , Johannes Bertram , Evgenii Kortukov , Jean Y. Song , Seong Joon Oh

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as healthcare, law, and education, the demand for transparent, interpretable, and accountable AI systems becomes more urgent. Explainable AI (XAI) acts as a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Francisco Herrera

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research…

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