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We report on the fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits on a neutral atom quantum computer, with logical performance surpassing physical performance for multiple circuits including Bell states (12x error reduction), random circuits…

The goal of this paper is to review the theoretical basis for achieving a faithful quantum information transmission and processing in the presence of noise. Initially encoding and decoding, implementing gates and quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. J. Salas

Demonstrating quantum supremacy, a complexity-guaranteed quantum advantage against over the best classical algorithms by using less universal quantum devices, is an important near-term milestone for quantum information processing. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-13 Keisuke Fujii

The hope of the quantum computing field is that quantum architectures are able to scale up and realize fault-tolerant quantum computing. Due to engineering challenges, such ''cheap'' error correction may be decades away. In the meantime, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Rutuja Kshirsagar , Amara Katabarwa , Peter D. Johnson

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin

Recent advances in quantum error-correction (QEC) have shown that it is often beneficial to understand fault-tolerance as a dynamical process, a circuit with redundant measurements that help correct errors, rather than as a static code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Arthur Pesah , Austin K. Daniel , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer

Quantum state tomography is a core task in quantum system identification. Real experimental conditions often deviate from nominal designs, introducing errors in both the measurement devices and the Hamiltonian governing the system's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Alan Chen , Shuixin Xiao , Hailan Ma , Daoyi Dong

Cluster states are a new type of multiqubit entangled states with entanglement properties exceptionally well suited for quantum computation. In the present work, we experimentally demonstrate that correlations in a four-qubit linear cluster…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Philip Walther , Markus Aspelmeyer , Kevin J. Resch , Anton Zeilinger

Hybridizing different physical systems or degrees of freedom offers significant advantages for realizing practical, universal, scalable, and fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). Here, we propose optical FTQC schemes with low squeezing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Peilin Du

The threshold theorem is a fundamental result in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation stating that arbitrarily long quantum computations can be performed with a polylogarithmic overhead provided the noise level is below a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Omar Fawzi , Alexander Müller-Hermes , Ala Shayeghi

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…

Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

Quantum error correction is capable of digitizing quantum noise and increasing the robustness of qubits. Typically, error correction is designed with the target of eliminating all errors - making an error so unlikely it can be assumed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Salonik Resch , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

We develop error-tolerant quantum state discrimination(QSD) strategies that maintain reliable performance under moderate noise. Two complementary approaches are proposed: CrossQSD, which generalizes unambiguous discrimination with tunable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Chien-Kai Ma , Bo-Hung Chen , Tian-Fu Chen , Dah-Wei Chiou , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

Solid-state spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation and quantum networks. Recent experiments have demonstrated high-quality control over multi-qubit systems, elementary quantum algorithms and non-fault-tolerant error…

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

We introduce an efficient scheme to correct errors due to the finite squeezing effects in continuous-variable cluster states. Specifically, we consider the typical situation where the class of algorithms consists of input states that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Daiqin Su , Christian Weedbrook , Kamil Brádler

This article is a short introduction to and review of the cluster-state model of quantum computation, in which coherent quantum information processing is accomplished via a sequence of single-qubit measurements applied to a fixed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Michael A. Nielsen

We investigate the thermodynamic limits on scaling fault-tolerant quantum computers due to heating from quantum error correction (QEC). Quantum computers require error correction, which accounts for 99.9% of the qubit demand and generates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Mykhailo Bilokur , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Shayan Majidy

Topological measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) enables one to carry out universal fault-tolerant quantum computation via single-qubit Pauli measurements with a family of large entangled states called cluster states as resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-06 Seok-Hyung Lee , Hyunseok Jeong