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Recently the numerical simulations of the process of reionization of the universe at z>6 have made a qualitative leap forward, reaching sufficient sizes and dynamic range to determine the characteristic scales of this process. This allowed…

We develop a new method to determine the distance between a high-redshift galaxy and a foreground screen of atomic hydrogen. In a partially neutral universe, and assuming spherical symmetry, this equates to the radius of a ionized 'bubble'…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-27 Matthew J. Hayes , Claudia Scarlata

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm emission from the high-redshift intergalactic medium and the near-infrared (NIR) background light from the high-redshift galaxies promises to be a powerful probe of cosmic reionization. In this paper,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-18 Xiao-Chun Mao

The introduction of low-frequency radio arrays is expected to revolutionize the study of the reionization epoch. Observation of the contrast in redshifted 21cm emission between a large HII region and the surrounding neutral inter-galactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Stuart Wyithe

Searches for Lyman-alpha emission lines are among the most effective ways to identify high-redshift galaxies. They are particularly interesting because they probe not only the galaxies themselves but also the ionization state of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Steven R. Furlanetto , Matias Zaldarriaga , Lars Hernquist

Ionized bubble sizes during reionization trace physical properties of the first galaxies. JWST's ability to spectroscopically confirm and measure Lyman-alpha (Ly$\alpha$) emission in sub-L* galaxies opens the door to mapping ionized bubbles…

Our understanding of the intergalactic medium at redshifts $z=5$-$6$ has improved considerably in the last few years due to the discovery of quasars with $z>6$ that enable Lyman-$\alpha$ forest studies at these redshifts. A realisation from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Janakee Raste , Girish Kulkarni , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt , Jonathan Chardin , Dominique Aubert

Observations of the Lyman-alpha (Ly-$\alpha$) forest may allow reionization to complete as late as $z \sim 5.5$, provided the ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is sufficiently inhomogeneous at these redshifts. In this case,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Matthew Malloy , Adam Lidz

The Largest Cluster Statistics\,(LCS) analysis of the redshifted 21\,cm maps has been demonstrated to be an efficient and robust method for following the time evolution of the largest ionized regions\,(LIRs) during the Epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Saswata Dasgupta , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar , Satadru Bag , Prakash Sarkar

One of the key observables of the reionization era is the distribution of neutral and ionized gas. Recently, Furlanetto, Zaldarriaga, & Hernquist developed a simple analytic model to describe the growth of HII regions during this era. Here,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Steven R. Furlanetto , Matthew McQuinn , Lars Hernquist

Recent quasar absorption line observations suggest that reionization may end as late as $z \approx 5.3$. As a means to search for large neutral hydrogen islands at $z<6$, we revisit long dark gaps in the Ly$\beta$ forest in VLT/X-Shooter…

The redshifted 21-cm line of distant neutral H atoms provides a probe of the cosmic ``dark ages'' and the epoch of reionization (``EOR'') which ended them. The radio continuum produced by this redshifted line can be seen in absorption or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul R. Shapiro , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , Hugh Merz

We assess the impact of inhomogeneous reionization on detection of HII regions surrounding luminous high redshift quasars using planned low frequency radio telescopes. Our approach is to implement a semi-numerical scheme to calculate the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-24 Paul M. Geil , Stuart Wyithe

The 21-cm forest signal is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization complementary to other 21-cm line observables and Ly$\alpha$ forest signal. Prospects of detecting it have significantly improved in the last decade thanks to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Tomáš Šoltinský , Girish Kulkarni , Shriharsh P. Tendulkar , James S. Bolton

Measurement of the spatial distribution of neutral hydrogen via the redshifted 21 cm line promises to revolutionize our knowledge of the epoch of reionization and the first galaxies, and may provide a powerful new tool for observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Miguel F. Morales , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

A new parametrization of the reionization history is presented to facilitate robust comparisons between different observations and with theory. The evolution of the ionization fraction with redshift can be effectively captured by specifying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Hy Trac

The neutral hydrogen (HI) and its 21 cm line are promising probes to the reionization process of the intergalactic medium (IGM). To use this probe effectively, it is imperative to have a good understanding on how the neutral hydrogen traces…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Wenxiao Xu , Yidong Xu , Bin Yue , Ilian T Iliev , Hy Trac , Liang Gao , Xuelei Chen

High-redshift QSO spectra show large spatial fluctuations in the Ly-alpha opacity of the intergalactic medium on surprisingly large scales at z>~5.5. We present a radiative transfer simulation of cosmic reionization driven by galaxies that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-06 Girish Kulkarni , Laura C. Keating , Martin G. Haehnelt , Sarah E. I. Bosman , Ewald Puchwein , Jonathan Chardin , Dominique Aubert

Reionization is thought to be dominated by low mass galaxies, while direct observations of resolved galaxies probe only the most massive, rarest objects. The cross-correlation between fluctuations in the surface brightness of the cumulative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-19 Stuart Wyithe , Avi Loeb , Brian Schmidt

We consider the cross-correlation between free electrons and neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization. The free electrons are traced by the optical depth to reionization tau, while the neutral hydrogen can be observed through 21 cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Pieter Daniel Meerburg , Cora Dvorkin , David N. Spergel