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Sentence embedding tasks are important in natural language processing (NLP), but improving their performance while keeping them reliable is still hard. This paper presents a framework that combines pseudo-label generation and model ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ziwei Liu , Qi Zhang , Lifu Gao

Pre-trained language models have proven their unique powers in capturing implicit language features. However, most pre-training approaches focus on the word-level training objective, while sentence-level objectives are rarely studied. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuofeng Wu , Sinong Wang , Jiatao Gu , Madian Khabsa , Fei Sun , Hao Ma

The cross-entropy softmax loss is the primary loss function used to train deep neural networks. On the other hand, the focal loss function has been demonstrated to provide improved performance when there is an imbalance in the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Leslie N. Smith

The lack of mathematical tractability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has hindered progress towards having a unified convergence analysis of training algorithms, in the general setting. We propose a unified optimization framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Hadi Ghauch , Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei , Carlo Fischione , Mikael Skoglund

Deep learning has shown successful application in visual recognition and certain artificial intelligence tasks. Deep learning is also considered as a powerful tool with high flexibility to approximate functions. In the present work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Ayan Chakraborty , Thomas Wick , Xiaoying Zhuang , Timon Rabczuk

GPUs have been favored for training deep learning models due to their highly parallelized architecture. As a result, most studies on training optimization focus on GPUs. There is often a trade-off, however, between cost and efficiency when…

Deep neural networks are learning models with a very high capacity and therefore prone to over-fitting. Many regularization techniques such as Dropout, DropConnect, and weight decay all attempt to solve the problem of over-fitting by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Armen Aghajanyan

Over-parameterized deep neural networks have proven to be able to learn an arbitrary dataset with 100$\%$ training accuracy. Because of a risk of overfitting and computational cost issues, we cannot afford to increase the number of network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Bukweon Kim , Sung Min Lee , Jin Keun Seo

Pre-trained representation is one of the key elements in the success of modern deep learning. However, existing works on continual learning methods have mostly focused on learning models incrementally from scratch. In this paper, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hyounguk Shon , Janghyeon Lee , Seung Hwan Kim , Junmo Kim

The forward-forward algorithm presents a new method of training neural networks by updating weights during an inference, performing parameter updates for each layer individually. This immediately reduces memory requirements during training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Michael Hopwood

When fine-tuning Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to new data, DNNs are prone to overwriting network parameters required for task-specific functionality on previously learned tasks, resulting in a loss of performance on those tasks. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Christopher Angelini , Nidhal Bouaynaya

Multi-task learning (MTL) is an active field in deep learning in which we train a model to jointly learn multiple tasks by exploiting relationships between the tasks. It has been shown that MTL helps the model share the learned features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Akihiro Nakano , Shi Chen , Kazuyuki Demachi

In the backdrop of increasing data requirements of Deep Neural Networks for object recognition that is growing more untenable by the day, we present Developmental PreTraining (DPT) as a possible solution. DPT is designed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Niranjan Rajesh , Debayan Gupta

Deep neural networks have shown superior performance in many regimes to remember familiar patterns with large amounts of data. However, the standard supervised deep learning paradigm is still limited when facing the need to learn new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Jing Shi , Jiaming Xu , Yiqun Yao , Bo Xu

Probes trained on model activations can detect undesirable behaviors like deception or biases that are difficult to identify from outputs alone. This makes them useful detectors to identify misbehavior. Furthermore, they are also valuable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jan Wehner , Mario Fritz

Classification tasks are usually evaluated in terms of accuracy. However, accuracy is discontinuous and cannot be directly optimized using gradient ascent. Popular methods minimize cross-entropy, hinge loss, or other surrogate losses, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Ivan Karpukhin , Stanislav Dereka , Sergey Kolesnikov

This work theoretically investigates the performance of a composite neural network. A composite neural network is a rooted directed acyclic graph combining a set of pre-trained and non-instantiated neural network models, where a pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Ming-Chuan Yang , Meng Chang Chen

The recent rapid progress in pre-training Large Language Models has relied on using self-supervised language modeling objectives like next token prediction or span corruption. On the other hand, Machine Translation Systems are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Andrea Schioppa , Xavier Garcia , Orhan Firat

Deep learning models suffer from catastrophic forgetting of the classes in the older phases as they get trained on the classes introduced in the new phase in the class-incremental learning setting. In this work, we show that the effect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Mohammed Asad Karim , Indu Joshi , Pratik Mazumder , Pravendra Singh

Collecting and annotating real-world data for the development of object detection models is a time-consuming and expensive process. In the military domain in particular, data collection can also be dangerous or infeasible. Training models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Frank A. Ruis , Alma M. Liezenga , Friso G. Heslinga , Luca Ballan , Thijs A. Eker , Richard J. M. den Hollander , Martin C. van Leeuwen , Judith Dijk , Wyke Huizinga