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Heap-manipulating programs are known to be challenging to reason about. We present a novel verifier for heap-manipulating programs called S2TD, which encodes programs systematically in the form of Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC) using a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Quang Loc Le , Jun Sun , Long H. Pham , Shengchao Qin

High-level synthesis (HLS) has enabled the rapid development of custom hardware circuits for many software applications. However, developing high-performance hardware circuits using HLS is still a non-trivial task requiring expertise in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Suhail Basalama , Jason Cong

As the complexity of digital circuits increases, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is becoming a valuable tool to increase productivity and design reuse by utilizing relevant Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flows, either for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Amalia Artemis Koufopoulou , Kalliopi Xevgeni , Athanasios Papadimitriou , Mihalis Psarakis , David Hely

Reinforcement learning exhibits potential in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models, yet it is hard to scale for the low sample efficiency during the rollout phase. Existing methods attempt to improve efficiency by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Deyang Kong , Qi Guo , Xiangyu Xi , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Modern software systems are typically configurable, a fundamental prerequisite for wide applicability and reusability. This flexibility poses an extraordinary challenge for quality assurance, as the enormous number of possible…

Most safety testing efforts for large language models (LLMs) today focus on evaluating foundation models. However, there is a growing need to evaluate safety at the application level, as components such as system prompts, retrieval…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jia Yi Goh , Shaun Khoo , Nyx Iskandar , Gabriel Chua , Leanne Tan , Jessica Foo

Inductive program synthesis, or inferring programs from examples of desired behavior, offers a general paradigm for building interpretable, robust, and generalizable machine learning systems. Effective program synthesis depends on two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Catherine Wong , Kevin Ellis , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs), deep learning architectures with typically over 10 billion parameters, have recently begun to be integrated into various cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as robotics, industrial automation, and autopilot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weizhe Xu , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

Software engineers can find vulnerabilities with less effort if they are directed towards code that might contain more vulnerabilities. HARMLESS is an incremental support vector machine tool that builds a vulnerability prediction model from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Zhe Yu , Christopher Theisen , Laurie Williams , Tim Menzies

Recent advances in code generation have illuminated the potential of employing large language models (LLMs) for general-purpose programming languages such as Python and C++, opening new opportunities for automating software development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jiahao Gai , Hao Mark Chen , Zhican Wang , Hongyu Zhou , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas Lane , Hongxiang Fan

Decompilers are fundamental tools for critical security tasks, from vulnerability discovery to malware analysis, yet their evaluation remains fragmented. Existing approaches primarily focus on syntactic correctness through synthetic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zeyu Gao , Yuxin Cui , Hao Wang , Siliang Qin , Yuanda Wang , Bolun Zhang , Chao Zhang

Ensuring the reproducibility of physics results is one of the crucial challenges in high-energy physics (HEP). In this study, we develop a proof-of-concept system that uses large language models (LLMs) to extract analysis procedures from…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2026-04-17 Masahiko Saito , Tomoe Kishimoto , Junichi Tanaka

Although preference optimization methods have improved reasoning performance in Large Language Models (LLMs), they often lack transparency regarding why one reasoning outcome is preferred over another. This limitation is especially critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiazheng Li , Yuxiang Zhou , Junru Lu , Gladys Tyen , Lin Gui , Cesare Aloisi , Yulan He

Securing critical assets in a bus-based System-On-Chip (SoC) is imperative to mitigate potential vulnerabilities and prevent unauthorized access, ensuring the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the system. Ensuring security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Sudipta Paria , Aritra Dasgupta , Swarup Bhunia

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) improves IC development productivity by enabling hardware design from C-like languages. However, strict coding constraints and design-specific optimizations limit its widespread adoption. While recent efforts…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xiuyuan He , Jieru Zhao , Jiaqi Lv , Haowen Fang , Lei Qi , Xi Wang

Program verification is vital for ensuring software reliability, especially in the context of increasingly complex systems. Loop invariants, remaining true before and after each iteration of loops, are crucial for this verification process.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chang Liu , Xiwei Wu , Yuan Feng , Qinxiang Cao , Junchi Yan

Two-sample hypothesis testing for network comparison presents many significant challenges, including: leveraging repeated network observations and known node registration, but without requiring them to operate; relaxing strong structural…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-05 Meijia Shao , Dong Xia , Yuan Zhang , Qiong Wu , Shuo Chen

The LCLS2 Free Electron Laser FEL will generate xray pulses to beamline experiments at up to 1Mhz These experimentals will require new ultrahigh rate UHR detectors that can operate at rates above 100 kHz and generate data throughputs…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-06-01 Ryan Herbst , Ryan Coffee , Nathan Fronk , Kukhee Kim , Kuktae Kim , Larry Ruckman , J. J. Russell

C-RASP is a simple programming language that was recently shown to capture concepts expressible by transformers. In this paper, we develop new algorithmic techniques for automatically verifying C-RASPs. To this end, we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongjian Jiang , Matthew Hague , Philipp Rümmer , Anthony Widjaja Lin

Large foundation models are fundamentally transforming the software engineering landscape, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across diverse tasks such as code generation, debugging, and testing. Despite this rapid progress, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuzheng Gao , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Jingyu Xiao , Yuxuan Wan , Chaozheng Wang , Ng Man Tik , Michael R. Lyu
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