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Neural network controllers have shown potential in achieving superior performance in feedback control systems. Although a neural network can be trained efficiently using deep and reinforcement learning methods, providing formal guarantees…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Han Wang , Zuxun Xiong , Liqun Zhao , Antonis Papachristodoulou

The vulnerability of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) against adversarial disturbances and attacks significantly restricts their applicability in safety-critical systems including cyber-physical systems (CPS) equipped…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Weiming Xiang , Hoang-Dung Tran , Xiaodong Yang , Taylor T. Johnson

We study the verification problem for closed-loop dynamical systems with neural-network controllers (NNCS). This problem is commonly reduced to computing the set of reachable states. When considering dynamical systems and neural networks in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Christian Schilling , Marcelo Forets , Sebastian Guadalupe

This paper considers the problem of reachability analysis of control systems with optimal controllers, as a first step towards verifying the safety and correctness of such systems. Despite their appeal in guaranteeing task satisfaction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Dylan Le , Joel McCandless , Carlos Varela , Radoslav Ivanov

There has been an increasing interest in using neural networks in closed-loop control systems to improve performance and reduce computational costs for on-line implementation. However, providing safety and stability guarantees for these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-20 Haimin Hu , Mahyar Fazlyab , Manfred Morari , George J. Pappas

Deep neural networks are widely used for nonlinear function approximation with applications ranging from computer vision to control. Although these networks involve the composition of simple arithmetic operations, it can be very challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Changliu Liu , Tomer Arnon , Christopher Lazarus , Christopher Strong , Clark Barrett , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Neural networks (NNs) are increasingly applied in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles. However, they are fragile and are often ill-behaved. Consequently, their behaviors should undergo rigorous guarantees before deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Zhen Liang , Dejin Ren , Bai Xue , Ji Wang , Wenjing Yang , Wanwei Liu

Reachability analysis is an important method in providing safety guarantees for systems with unknown or uncertain dynamics. Due to the computational intractability of exact reachability analysis for general nonlinear, high-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Elizabeth Dietrich , Rosalyn Devonport , Stephen Tu , Murat Arcak

Neural networks are increasingly applied to support decision making in safety-critical applications (like autonomous cars, unmanned aerial vehicles and face recognition based authentication). While many impressive static verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Guoliang Dong , Jun Sun , Jingyi Wang , Xinyu Wang , Ting Dai

Neural networks achieve outstanding accuracy in classification and regression tasks. However, understanding their behavior still remains an open challenge that requires questions to be addressed on the robustness, explainability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Anna-Kathrin Kopetzki , Stephan Günnemann

Over-approximating the reachable sets of dynamical systems is a fundamental problem in safety verification and robust control synthesis. The representation of these sets is a key factor that affects the computational complexity and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Taha Entesari , Mahyar Fazlyab

Intercepting dynamic objects in uncertain environments involves a significant unresolved challenge in modern robotic systems. Current control approaches rely solely on estimated information, and results lack guarantees of robustness and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tommaso Faraci , Roberto Lampariello

Neural networks (NNs) are increasingly applied in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles. However, they are fragile and are often ill-behaved. Consequently, their behaviors should undergo rigorous guarantees before deployment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Zhen Liang , Dejin Ren , Wanwei Liu , Ji Wang , Wenjing Yang , Bai Xue

This paper presents Verisig, a hybrid system approach to verifying safety properties of closed-loop systems using neural networks as controllers. Although techniques exist for verifying input/output properties of the neural network itself,…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Radoslav Ivanov , James Weimer , Rajeev Alur , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

This paper proposes a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) controller for lane-keeping systems, effectively handling model uncertainties and disturbances. First, quadratic constraints cover the nonlinearities brought by the RNN controller, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Ying Shuai Quan , Jin Sung Kim , Chung Choo Chung

Applying neural networks as controllers in dynamical systems has shown great promises. However, it is critical yet challenging to verify the safety of such control systems with neural-network controllers in the loop. Previous methods for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-26 Chao Huang , Jiameng Fan , Wenchao Li , Xin Chen , Qi Zhu

Determining the reachable set for a given nonlinear control system is crucial for system control and planning. However, computing such a set is impossible if the system's dynamics are not fully known. This paper is motivated by a scenario…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Taha Shafa , Melkior Ornik

Autonomous systems are increasingly implemented using end-to-end learning-based controllers. Such controllers make decisions that are executed on the real system, with images as one of the primary sensing modalities. Deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yuang Geng , Jake Brandon Baldauf , Souradeep Dutta , Chao Huang , Ivan Ruchkin

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved impressive performance in robotics and autonomous systems (RAS). A key challenge to its deployment in real-life operations is the presence of spuriously unsafe DRL policies. Unexplored states…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Yi Dong , Xingyu Zhao , Sen Wang , Xiaowei Huang

Designing provably safe control is a core problem in trustworthy autonomy. However, most prior work in this regard assumes either that the system dynamics are known or deterministic, or that the state and action space are finite,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xinhang Ma , Junlin Wu , Yiannis Kantaros , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik