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We develop Structured-Knowledge-Informed Neural Networks (SKINNs), a unified estimation framework that embeds theoretical, simulated, previously learned, or cross-domain insights as differentiable constraints within flexible neural function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Yi Cao , Zexun Chen , Lin William Cong , Heqing Shi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a powerful approach for solving problems involving differential equations, yet they often struggle to solve problems with high frequency and/or multi-scale solutions. Finite basis…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have become a popular choice for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) due to their excellent approximation power and generalization ability. Recently, Extended PINNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Zheyuan Hu , Ameya D. Jagtap , George Em Karniadakis , Kenji Kawaguchi

Soft- and hard-constrained Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have achieved great success in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods still face great challenges when solving the Navier-Stokes equations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-14 Chuyu Zhou , Tianyu Li , Chenxi Lan , Rongyu Du , Guoguo Xin , Pengyu Nan , Hangzhou Yang , Guoqing Wang , Xun Liu , Wei Li

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are notoriously difficult to solve. In general, closed-form solutions are not available and numerical approximation schemes are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose to approach the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Nils Wandel , Michael Weinmann , Michael Neidlin , Reinhard Klein

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by training neural networks with loss functions that incorporate physical constraints. In this work, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Madison Cooley , Robert M. Kirby , Shandian Zhe , Varun Shankar

Despite the great promise of the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in solving forward and inverse problems, several technical challenges are present as roadblocks for more complex and realistic applications. First, most existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Han Gao , Matthew J. Zahr , Jian-Xun Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently received much attention due to their capabilities in solving both forward and inverse problems. For training a deep neural network associated with a PINN, one typically constructs a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Pouyan Nasiri , Roozbeh Dargazany

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been widely used for robust and accurate approximation of PDEs. We provide rigorous upper bounds on the generalization error of PINNs approximating solutions of the forward problem for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

Domain-decomposed variants of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) such as finite basis PINNs (FBPINNs) mitigate some of PINNs' issues like slow convergence and spectral bias through localisation, but still rely on iterative nonlinear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Samuel Anderson , Victorita Dolean , Ben Moseley , Jennifer Pestana

A physics-informed neural network (PINN), which has been recently proposed by Raissi et al [J. Comp. Phys. 378, pp. 686-707 (2019)], is applied to the partial differential equation (PDE) of liquid film flows. The PDE considered is the time…

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is one of the most critical problems in computational science. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising framework for approximating PDE solutions, their…

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) require regularity of solutions of the underlying PDE to guarantee accurate approximation. Consequently, they may fail at approximating discontinuous solutions of PDEs such as nonlinear hyperbolic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to solve various scientific computing problems. However, large training costs limit PINNs for some real-time applications. Although some works have been proposed to improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Xu Liu , Xiaoya Zhang , Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Wen Yao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated promise as a framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. Despite recent progress in the field, it remains challenging to quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Bruno Jacob , Ashish S. Nair , Amanda A. Howard , Jan Drgona , Panos Stinis

We investigate the inverse problem for Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in scenarios where the parameters of the given PDE dynamics may exhibit changepoints at random time. We employ Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) - universal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-03 Zhikang Dong , Pawel Polak

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have enabled significant improvements in modelling physical processes described by partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs are based on simple architectures, and learn the behavior of complex…

In this paper, we propose the augmented physics-informed neural network (APINN), which adopts soft and trainable domain decomposition and flexible parameter sharing to further improve the extended PINN (XPINN) as well as the vanilla PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zheyuan Hu , Ameya D. Jagtap , George Em Karniadakis , Kenji Kawaguchi

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been used to solve various computational problems which are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper, we propose a multi-output physics-informed neural network…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Mingyuan Yang , John T. Foster