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Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is the technology to transmit secret information directly through a quantum channel without neither key nor ciphertext. It provides us with a secure communication structure that is fundamentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-21 Zeng-Rong Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng , Peng-Hao Niu , Liu-Guo Yin , Gui-Lu Long

We present a quantum secure direct communication protocol where the channels are not maximally entangled states. The communication parties utilize decoy photons to check eavesdropping. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-19 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

Recently, Yan et al. proposed a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with authentication using single photons and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs (Yan et al., CMC-Computers, Materials \& Continua, 63(3), 2020). In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Nayana Das , Goutam Paul

We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ting Gao , Feng-Li Yan , Zhi-Xi Wang

In practical quantum communication, imperfect devices may introduce side channels, creating opportunities for eavesdroppers. Especially on the source side, the side channels created by active modulation may compromise the security of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Jia-Wei Ying , Qi Zhang , Shi-Pu Gu , Xing-Fu Wang , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

This paper introduces a new quantum protocol for secure direct communication. This protocol is based on Entanglement and Super-Dense coding. In this paper we present some basic definitions of entanglement in quantum mechanics, present how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 Ola M. Hegazy , Ayman M. Bahaa-Eldin , Yasser H. Dakroury

Recently, Hassanpour and Houshmand have proposed a protocol of controlled deterministic secure quantum communication (Quant. Info. Process, DOI 10.1007/s11128-014-0866-z (2014)). The authors compared the efficiency of their protocol with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Anirban Pathak

This study presents the first two authenticated semi-quantum direct communication (ASQDC) protocols without using any classical channel. By pre-sharing the master secret key between two communicants, a sender with advanced quantum devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-01 Yi-Ping Luo , Tzonelih Hwang

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important quantum communication branch, which realizes the secure information transmission directly without encryption and decryption processes. Recently, two table-top experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-24 Feng Zhu , Wei Zhang , Yubo Sheng , Yidong Huang

We present a controlled secure direct communication protocol by using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state via swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations. Since messages transferred only by using local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yan Xia , Chang-Bao Fu , Feng-Yue Li , Shou Zhang , Kyu-Hwang Yeon , Chung-In Um

Fast development of supercomputer and perspective quantum computer is posing increasing serious threats to communication security. Based on the laws of quantum mechanics, quantum communication offers provable security of communication, and…

Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC), a paradigm-shifting breakthrough in quantum communication, exploits quantum states for unmediated information transmission. Rooted in the inviolable fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, QSDC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Min Wang , Gui-Fa Zhu , Guo-Fei Long , Jianxing Guo , Yu-Chen Liu , Dong Pan , Li-Ping Nong , Gui-Lu Long

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) has attracted a lot of attention, which exploits deep-rooted quantum physical principles to guarantee unconditional security of communication in the face of eavesdropping. We first briefly review…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Xiang-Jie Li , Dong Pan , Gui-Lu Long , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

We develop an information-theoretic analysis of Quantum-Memory-Free (QMF) Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) under collective attacks as an alternative to the use of a conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Shang-Jen Su , Shi-Yuan Wang , Matthieu R. Bloch

In light of Deng-Long-Liu's two-step secret direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 042317 (2003)], by introducing additional local operations for encoding, we propose a brand-new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. J. Zhang , Z. X. Man

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) are two important branches of quantum cryptography, where one can transmit a secret message securely without encrypting it by a prior key. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 Nayana Das , Goutam Paul

A theoretical scheme for bidirectional swapping quantum controlled teleportation is presented using the entanglement property of maximally entangled five-qubit state, i.e., Alice wants to transmit a entangled state of particle a to Bob and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-02 Zha Xin-Wei , Song Hai-Yang , Ma Gang-Long

A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations is proposed in this paper. A set of ordered EPR pairs in one of the four Bell states is used. For each pair, each of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. J. Zhang , Z. X. Man

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a approach of communication to transmit secret messages base on quantum mechanics. Different from the quantum key distribution, secret messages can be transmitted directly on quantum channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Zhengwen Cao , Yujie Wang , Geng Chai , Xinlei Chen , Yuan Lu