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The interaction of photons and coherent quantum systems can be employed to detect electromagnetic radiation with remarkable sensitivity. We introduce a quantum radiometer based on the photon-induced-dephasing process of a superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Zhixin Wang , Mingrui Xu , Xu Han , Wei Fu , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin , Hong X. Tang , S. Shankar , M. H. Devoret

A non-resonant microwave dressing field at 38.465 GHz was used to eliminate the static electric dipole moment difference between the $49s_{1/2}$ and $48s_{1/2}$ Rydberg states of $^{87}$Rb in dc fields of approximately 1 V/cm. The reduced…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2013-03-05 L. A. Jones , J. D. Carter , J. D. D. Martin

Rydberg-atom receivers aim for ultra-high sensitivity to microwave fields through various techniques, but receiving satellite signals has remained a significant challenge, due to the difficulty of capturing weak microwaves over long…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Mignwei Lei , Jianquan Zhang , Qun Luo , Zhentao Zhang , Ming Wang , Meng Shi

We use a quantum sensor based on thermal Rydberg atoms to receive data encoded in electromagnetic fields in the extreme electrically small regime, with a sensing volume over $10^7$ times smaller than the cube of the electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Kevin C. Cox , David H. Meyer , Fredrik K. Fatemi , Paul D. Kunz

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems involving Rydberg states is known to be a sensitive probe of incident microwave (MW) fields, in particular those resonant with Rydberg-to-Rydberg transitions. Here we propose…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-10-06 Sebastian Borówka , Uliana Pylypenko , Mateusz Mazelanik , Michał Parniak

In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation into the sensitivity of a Rydberg atom electric field sensor, with a specific focus on the minimum detectable field (MDF) as a key metric. The study utilizes one-mode Floquet theory to…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Tianhao Wu

Rydberg atomic sensors and receivers have enabled sensitive and traceable measurements of RF fields at a wide range of frequencies. Here we demonstrate the detection of electric field amplitude in the extremely high frequency (EHF) band, at…

Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electromagnetic field sensors are drawing wide-spread interest because of their unique properties, such as small size, dielectric construction, and self-calibration. These photonic sensors use lasers to…

Quantum sensing has developed into a main branch of quantum science and technology. It aims at measuring physical quantities with high resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range. Electron spins in diamond are powerful magnetic field…

Atomic sensing and measurement of millimeter-wave (mmW) and THz electric fields using quantum-optical EIT spectroscopy of Rydberg states in atomic vapors has garnered significant interest in recent years towards the development of atomic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-09-12 David A. Anderson , Eric Paradis , Georg Raithel , Rachel E. Sapiro , Christopher L. Holloway

Rydberg atoms, with their giant electric dipole moments and tunable energy-level transitions, offer exceptional potential for microwave (MW) electric field sensing, combining high sensitivity and broad frequency coverage. However,…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Yuhan Yan , Bowen Yang , Xuejie Li , Haojie Zhao , Binghong Yu , Jianliao Deng , L. Q. Chen , Huadong Cheng

Rydberg atom-based sensors use atoms dressed by lasers to detect and measure radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The absorptive properties of the atomic gas, configured as a Rydberg atom-based sensor, change in the presence of a radio…

Rydberg atoms, which possess exceptionally large electric dipole moments, offer a promising route for electric field sensing as well as metrology traceable to the International System of Units (SI); however, current research predominantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Tianyu Zhou , Haipeng Xie , Xin Wang

Ultrasensitive detection of the frequency, phase, and amplitude of radio frequency (RF) electric fields is central to a variety of important applications, including radio communication, cosmology, dark matter searches, and high-fidelity…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Hao Wu , Grant Mitts , Clayton Ho , Joshua Rabinowitz , Eric R. Hudson

Characterizing quantum states of the electromagnetic field at microwave frequencies requires fast and sensitive detectors that can simultaneously probe the field time-dependent amplitude and its quantum fluctuations. In this work, we…

Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne…

We demonstrate a new method for measuring radio frequency (RF) electric fields based on quantum interference in an atom. Using a bright resonance prepared within an electromagnetically induced transparency window we are able to achieve a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-05-22 J. Sedlacek , A. Schwettmann , H. Kübler , R. Löw , T. Pfau , J. P. Shaffer

Fields with frequencies below megahertz are challenging for Rydberg-atom-based measurements, due to the low-frequency electric field screening effect that is caused by the alkali-metal atoms adsorbed on the inner surface of the container.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Mingwei Lei , Meng Shi

We design a phase-sensitive Rydberg-atom interferometry by implementing Floquet electromagnetically induced transparency (FEIT). The FEIT mixes the sidebands of a Rydberg state induced by a MHz radio frequency (RF) field and recombines them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Yingying Han , Changfa He , Peng Xu , Yanting Zhao , Tao Wang , Weidong Li

We demonstrate an atomic radio-frequency (RF) receiver and spectrum analyzer based on thermal Rydberg atoms coupled to a planar microwave waveguide. We use an off-resonant RF heterodyne technique to achieve continuous operation for carrier…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-05-24 David H. Meyer , Paul D. Kunz , Kevin C. Cox