Related papers: Maxwell quantum mechanics
One and two photon wave functions are derived by projecting the quantum state vector onto simultaneous eigenvectors of the number operator and a recently constructed photon position operator [Phys. Rev A 59, 954 (1999)] that couples spin…
James Clerk Maxwell unknowingly discovered a correct relativistic, quantum theory for the light quantum, forty-three years before Einstein postulated the photon's existence. In this theory, the usual Maxwell field is the quantum wave…
Classically, electromagnetic pulses are described by real fields that couple to charged matter and propagate causally. We will show here that real fields of the form used in standard classical electromagnetic theory have a quantum…
We second quantize the Fermi Lagrangian in the Lorenz gauge to obtain a covariant theory of photon quantum mechanics. Number density is real so it is interpreted as position probability density. The Hilbert space is the vector space of…
In biorthogonal quantum mechanics, the eigenvectors of a quasi-Hermitian operator and those of its adjoint are biorthogonal and complete and the probability for a transition from a quantum state to any one of these eigenvectors is positive…
A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…
Quantum Mechanics of photons leads to a theory of Quantum Gravity that nicely matches the experimental results of varying fine structure constant,obtained from many-multiplet Quaser absorption systems and atomic clocks.The variation of that…
We have recently constructed a photon position operator with commuting components. This was long thought to be impossible, but our position eigenvectors have a vortex structure like twisted light. Thus they are not spherically symmetric and…
The symmetry studies of Maxwell equations gave new insight on the nature of electromagnetic (EM) field. Tey are reviewed in the work presented. It is drawing the attention on the following aspects. EM-field has in general case quaternion…
Quantum theory of photons based on the first quantization technique, similar to that used by Schroedinger in the formulation of quantum mechanics, is considered. First, scalar quantum mechanics of photons operating with the photon wave…
I introduce a spinor field theory for the photon. The three-dimensional vector electromagnetic field and the four-dimensional vector potential are components of this spinor photon field. A spinor equation for the photon field is derived…
We revisit the quantum oscillator model of the electromagnetic field and conclude that, while the nonlocal positive and negative frequency ladder operators generate a photon Fock basis, the Hermitian field operators obtained by second…
Maxwell-Lorenz theory describes only vortex electromagnetic processes. Potential component of the magnetic field is usually excluded by the introduction of mathematical terms: Coulomb and Lorenz gauges. Proposed approach to the construction…
Maxwell's equations in the vacuum can be formally cast in the form of Schr\"odinger's equation. Unfortunately, the vector to which this equation directly applies is not a wavefunction: its amplitude squared is not a probability density but…
It is argued that by the end of the 1920s a quantum-mechanical model could have been in place, that not only produces the atomic and molecular energy levels of the many-body Pauli equation with Coulomb interactions and external classical…
At the primary level of reality as described by quantum field theory, a fundamental particle like an electron represents a stable, discrete, propagating excited state of its underlying quantum field. QFT also tells us that the lowest vacuum…
In this paper, I introduce two new concepts (Minkowski quasi-photon and invariance of physical definitions) to elucidate the theory developed in my previous work [Can. J. Phys. 93, 1510 (2015)], and to clarify the criticisms by Partanen and…
The unified field is a Maxwell-Lorentz field. Maxwell-Lorentz equations for potentials in standard four-dimensional form are satisfied exactly. This is achieved by involving new fundamental field sources, strict definition of which requires…
Recently, it has been observed that a quantum field theory need not be Hermitian to have a real, positive spectrum. What seems to be required is symmetry under combined parity and time-reversal transformations. This idea is extended to…
The classical Maxwell--Born--Infeld field equations coupled with a Hamilton--Jacobi law of point charge motion are partially quantized by coupling the Hamilton-Jacobi phase function with an amplitude function, which combines with the phase…