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Electron motion on the (sub-)femtosecond time scale constitutes the fastest response in many natural phenomena such as light-induced phase transitions and chemical reactions. Whereas static electron densities in single molecules can be…

Shaping electron beams with the cycles of light provides femtosecond and attosecond time resolution in electron microscopy and enables fundamental quantum-coherent measurements. However, efficient light-electron control requires a prolonged…

Light-electron interaction in empty space is the seminal ingredient for free-electron lasers and also for controlling electron beams to dynamically investigate materials and molecules. Pushing the coherent control of free electrons by light…

The evolution of electron wavepackets determines the course of many physical and chemical phenomena and attosecond spectroscopy aims to measure and control such dynamics in real-time. Here, we investigate radial electron wavepacket motion…

Quantum mechanical phenomena, such as electronic coherence and entanglement, play a key role in achieving the unrivalled efficiencies of light-energy conversion in natural photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, and triggered the growing…

This tutorial presents an introduction to the interaction of light and matter on the attosecond timescale. Our aim is to detail the theoretical description of ultra-short time-delays, and to relate these to the phase of extreme ultraviolet…

Observing the motion of the nuclear wavepackets during a molecular reaction, in both space and time, is crucial for understanding and controlling the outcome of photoinduced chemical reactions. We have imaged the motion of a vibrational…

Using extreme-ultraviolet attosecond-pulse-trains, we investigate the photoionization dynamics of a Helium atom in the presence of moderately-strong (~10^12 W/cm^2) femtosecond laser pulses. The electronic structure of a laser-dressed atom…

Photoionization using attosecond pulses can lead to the formation of coherent superpositions of the electronic states of the parent ion. However, ultrafast electron ejection triggers not only electronic but also nuclear dynamics---leading…

We examine x-ray scattering from an isolated organic molecule from the linear to nonlinear absorptiveregime. In the nonlinear regime, we explore the importance of both the elastic and inelastic channelsand observe the onset of nonlinear…

We propose a simple way to determine the periodicities of wave packets in quantum systems directly from the energy differences of the states involved. The resulting classical periods and revival times are more accurate than those obtained…

Realistic attosecond wave packets have complex profiles that, in dispersive conditions, rapidly broaden or split into multiple components. Such behaviors are encoded in sharp features of the wave packet spectral phase. Here, we exploit the…

In molecular systems, the ultrafast motion of electrons initiates the process of chemical change. Tracking this electronic motion across molecules requires coupling attosecond time resolution to atomic-scale spatial sensitivity. In this…

Ionization of atoms and molecules by absorption of a light pulse results in electron wavepackets carrying information on the atomic or molecular structure as well as on the dynamics of the ionization process. These wavepackets can be…

We propose the scheme of temporal double-slit interferometer to precisely measure the electric field of shaped intense femtosecond laser pulse directly, and apply it to control the electron tunneling wave packets in attosecond precision. By…

Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic structure of matter. Beyond detecting local lattice variations in equilibrium…

We have implemented a new approach for measuring the time-dependent intensity and phase of ultrashort optical pulses. It is based on the interaction between shaped pulses and atoms, leading to coherent transients.

Coherent control of ultrafast quantum phenomena benefits from pulse-shaping capabilities allowing to modulate the envelope and instantaneous phase of optical fields on femtosecond time scales. While such control is available for optical…

Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission following light absorption, can now be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration ($10^{-18}$s) in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The lack of spectral…

We experimentally investigate various processes present in the photoassociative interaction of an ultracold atomic sample with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. We demonstrate the photoassociation of pairs of rubidium atoms into…