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Related papers: The Planet Nine Hypothesis

200 papers

We evaluate the effects of a distant planet, commonly known as planet 9, on the dynamics of the giant planets of the Solar System. We find that, given the large distance of planet 9, the dynamics of the inner giant planets can be decomposed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-28 Rodney Gomes , Rogerio Deienno , Alessandro Morbidelli

Studies of the clustering of the most distant Kuiper belt objects in the outer solar system have hinted at the possible existence of a planet beyond Neptune referred to as Planet Nine (P9). Recent efforts have constrained the parameter…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Matthew Belyakov , Pedro H. Bernardinelli , Michael E. Brown

More than 100 extrasolar planets have been discovered since 1990s. Different from the solar system, these planets' orbital eccentricities cover a huge range from 0 to 0.7. Incidently, the first Kuiper Belt Object was discovered in 1992.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ing-Guey Jiang , M. Duncan , D. N. C. Lin

The plausibility of an unseen planet in the outer solar system, and the expected orbit and mass of such a planet, have long been a topic of inquiry and debate. We calculate the long-term orbital stability of distant TNOs, which allows us to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-03 Amir Siraj , Christopher F. Chyba , Scott Tremaine

Much of the dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt can be explained if Neptune migrated over several AU, and/or if Neptune was scattered to an eccentric orbit during planetary instability. An outstanding problem with the existing formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 David Nesvorny

Concordant evidence points towards the existence of a ninth planet in the Solar System at more than $400\,$AU from the Sun. In particular, trans-Neptunian object orbits are perturbed by the presence of a putative gravitational source. Since…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-29 Alexandre Arbey , Jérémy Auffinger

It has been proposed that mean motion resonances (MMRs) between Planet Nine and distant objects of the scattered disk might inform the semimajor axis and instantaneous position of Planet Nine. Within the context of this hypothesis, the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-12 Elizabeth Bailey , Michael E. Brown , Konstantin Batygin

Gas giant planets have been detected on eccentric orbits several hundreds of astronomical units in size around other stars. It has been proposed that even the Sun hosts a wide-orbit planet of 5-10 Earth masses, often called Planet Nine,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-02 André Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , Nathan A. Kaib , Alessandro Morbidelli , Andrea Isella

We explore the distant giant planet hypothesis by integrating the large semi-major axis, large pericenter Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the presence of the giant planets and an external perturber whose orbit is consistent with the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 C. Shankman , JJ Kavelaars , S. M. Lawler , B. J. Gladman , M. T. Bannister

The organization of the orbits of most minor bodies in the Solar system seems to follow random patterns, the result of billions of years of chaotic dynamical evolution. Much as heterogeneous orbital behaviour is ubiquitous, dynamically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-08 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

The dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt beyond 50 au is not well understood. Here we report results of a numerical model with long-range, slow and grainy migration of Neptune. The model implies that bodies scattered outward by Neptune to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-31 David Nesvorny , David Vokrouhlicky , Fernando Roig

Dynamical mass estimates for the main asteroid belt and the trans-Neptunian Kuiper belt have been found from their gravitational influence on the motion of planets. Discrete rotating models consisting of moving material points have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-14 E. V. Pitjeva , N. P. Pitjev

We explore conventional Neptune migration model with one additional planet of mass at 0.1-2.0 Me. This planet inhabited in the 3:2 mean motion resonance with Neptune during planet migration epoch, and then escaped from the Kuiper belt when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-13 Lun-Wen Yeh , Hsiang-Kuang Chang

The Kuiper belt is a population of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. The complex orbital structure of the Kuiper belt, including several categories of objects inside and outside of resonances with Neptune, emerged as a result of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-13 David Nesvorny , David Vokrouhlicky

The current dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt was shaped by the orbital evolution of the giant planets, especially Neptune, during the era following planet formation, when the giant planets may have undergone planet-planet scattering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-29 Schuyler Wolff , Rebekah I. Dawson , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

The hypothesized Planet Nine is thought to reside in the distant outer solar system, potentially explaining various anomalies in the orbits of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs). In this work, we present a targeted observational search…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-05 Hector Socas-Navarro , Ignacio Trujillo

The orbital evolution and stability of planetary systems with interaction from the belts is studied using the standard phase-plane analysis. In addition to the fixed point which corresponds to the Keplerian orbit, there are other fixed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Ing-Guey Jiang , Li-Chin Yeh

The Planet Nine hypothesis encompasses a body of about 5-8 Earth's masses whose orbital plane would be inclined to the ecliptic by one or two tens of degrees and whose perihelion distance would be as large as about 240-385 astronomical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Lorenzo Iorio

The planets of our solar system formed from a gas-dust disk. However, there are some properties of the solar system that are peculiar in this context. First, the cumulative mass of all objects beyond Neptune (TNOs) is only a fraction of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-15 Susanne Pfalzner , Asmita Bhandare , Kirsten Vincke , Pedro Lacerda

We study the gravitational effects of two celestrial bodies on a typical object of the Kuyper Belt. The first body is a kuyperian object itself with fairly large eccentricity and perihelion but with a large mass, about 16 times the mass of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-27 Gilles Couture