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Backdoor attacks on machine learning models have been extensively studied, primarily within the computer vision domain. Originally, these attacks manipulated classifiers to generate incorrect outputs in the presence of specific, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Sharon Lin , Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Jamie Hayes , Chongyang Shi , Ilia Shumailov , Shuang Song

Deep learning has come a long way and has enjoyed an unprecedented success. Despite high accuracy, however, deep models are brittle and are easily fooled by imperceptible adversarial perturbations. In contrast to common inference-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Ali Borji

With the widespread use of deep learning system in many applications, the adversary has strong incentive to explore vulnerabilities of deep neural networks and manipulate them. Backdoor attacks against deep neural networks have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Jiazhu Dai , Chuanshuai Chen

While machine learning (ML) models are being increasingly trusted to make decisions in different and varying areas, the safety of systems using such models has become an increasing concern. In particular, ML models are often trained on data…

Backdoor attacks embed malicious behaviors into Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to trigger harmful outputs or bypass safety controls. However, the persistence of the implanted backdoors under user-driven post-deployment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jing Cui , Yufei Han , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

In this brief, we show that sequentially learning new information presented to a continual (incremental) learning model introduces new security risks: an intelligent adversary can introduce small amount of misinformation to the model during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Muhammad Umer , Robi Polikar

With the success of deep learning algorithms in various domains, studying adversarial attacks to secure deep models in real world applications has become an important research topic. Backdoor attacks are a form of adversarial attacks on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Aniruddha Saha , Akshayvarun Subramanya , Hamed Pirsiavash

Backdoor attacks represent a subtle yet effective class of cyberattacks targeting AI models, primarily due to their stealthy nature. The model behaves normally on clean data but exhibits malicious behavior only when the attacker embeds a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sujeevan Aseervatham , Achraf Kerzazi , Younès Bennani

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Information systems enable many organizational processes in every industry. The efficiencies and effectiveness in the use of information technologies create an unintended byproduct: misuse by existing users or somebody impersonating them -…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Eduardo Lopez , Kamran Sartipi

Deep neural networks have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, by injecting a small number of maliciously constructed inputs into the training set, an adversary is able to plant a backdoor into the trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Alexander Turner , Dimitris Tsipras , Aleksander Madry

Machine learning (ML) models that use deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Such attacks involve the insertion of a (hidden) trigger by an adversary. As a consequence, any input that contains the trigger will cause the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Arezoo Rajabi , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, a type of adversarial attack that poisons the training data to manipulate the behavior of models trained on such data. Clean-label attacks are a more stealthy form of backdoor attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Quang H. Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc-Hieu , The-Anh Ta , Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Kok-Seng Wong , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Khoa D. Doan

Backdoor attacks, or trojans, pose a security risk by concealing undesirable behavior in deep neural network models. Open-source neural networks are downloaded from the internet daily, possibly containing backdoors, and third-party model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chace Ashcraft , Ted Staley , Josh Carney , Cameron Hickert , Derek Juba , Kiran Karra , Nathan Drenkow

In recent years, machine learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Under such attacks, an adversary embeds a stealthy backdoor into the trained model such that the compromised models will behave normally on clean…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Khoa D. Doan , Yingjie Lao , Ping Li

Recently, backdoor attacks pose a new security threat to the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Attackers intend to inject hidden backdoors into DNNs, such that the attacked model performs well on benign samples, whereas its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yuezun Li , Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Longkang Li , Ran He , Siwei Lyu

Outsourced deep neural networks have been demonstrated to suffer from patch-based trojan attacks, in which an adversary poisons the training sets to inject a backdoor in the obtained model so that regular inputs can be still labeled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Ying He , Zhili Shen , Chang Xia , Jingyu Hua , Wei Tong , Sheng Zhong

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

Recently, it has been shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to Trojan attacks, where an attacker can install a backdoor during training time to make the resultant model misidentify samples contaminated with a small trigger patch.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Haripriya Harikumar , Vuong Le , Santu Rana , Sourangshu Bhattacharya , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh
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