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Applying pre- and inprocessing techniques to simplify CNF formulas both before and during search can considerably improve the performance of modern SAT solvers. These algorithms mostly aim at reducing the number of clauses, literals, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-18 Andreas Wotzlaw , Alexander van der Grinten , Ewald Speckenmeyer

We propose a polynomially bounded, in time and space, method to decide whether a given 3-SAT formula is satisfiable or not. The tools we use here are, in fact, very simple. We first decide satisfiability for a particular 3-SAT formula,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Angela Weiss

In signed k-SAT problems, one fixes a set M and a set $\mathcal S$ of subsets of M, and is given a formula consisting of a disjunction of m clauses, each of which is a conjunction of k literals. Each literal is of the form "$x \in S$",…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-15 Kathrin Ballerstein , Dirk Oliver Theis

The computational complexity of solving random 3-Satisfiability (3-SAT) problems is investigated. 3-SAT is a representative example of hard computational tasks; it consists in knowing whether a set of alpha N randomly drawn logical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson

We study the structure of the solution space and behavior of local search methods on random 3-SAT problems close to the SAT/UNSAT transition. Using the overlap measure of similarity between different solutions found on the same problem…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 John Ardelius , Erik Aurell , Supriya Krishnamurthy

We study a class of random 3-SAT instances having exactly one solution. The properties of this ensemble considerably differ from those of a random 3-SAT ensemble. It is numerically shown that the running time of several complete and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Marko Znidaric

A generalized 1-in-3SAT problem is defined and found to be in complexity class P when restricted to a certain subset of CNF expressions. In particular, 1-in-kSAT with no restrictions on the number of literals per clause can be decided in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Bernd R. Schuh

A novel parallel algorithm for solving the classical Decision Boolean Satisfiability problem with clauses in conjunctive normal form is depicted. My approach for solving SAT is without using algebra or other computational search strategies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Carlos Barrón-Romero

The Boolean SATisfiability problem (SAT) is of central importance in computer science. Although SAT is known to be NP-complete, progress on the engineering side, especially that of Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) and Local Search SAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Anastasios Kyrillidis , Anshumali Shrivastava , Moshe Y. Vardi , Zhiwei Zhang

We study the structure of satisfying assignments of a random 3-SAT formula. In particular, we show that a random formula of density 4.453 or higher almost surely has no non-trivial "core" assignments. Core assignments are certain partial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-09-01 Elitza Maneva , Alistair Sinclair

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) holds a central place in computational complexity theory as the first shown NP-complete problem. Due to this role, SAT is often used as the benchmark for polynomial-time reductions: if a problem can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yumiko Nishiyama

Our work presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based framework to optimize heuristic selection within the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) process, improving the efficiency of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Muyu Pan , Matthew Walter , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

We present a new structural (or syntatic) approach for estimating the satisfiability threshold of random 3-SAT formulae. We show its efficiency in obtaining a jump from the previous upper bounds, lowering them to 4.506. The method combines…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Olivier Dubois , Yacine Boufkhad , Jacques Mandler

A major problem in evaluating stochastic local search algorithms for NP-complete problems is the need for a systematic generation of hard test instances having previously known properties of the optimal solutions. On the basis of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 W. Barthel , A. K. Hartmann , M. Leone , F. Ricci-Tersenghi , M. Weigt , R. Zecchina

On the one hand, Constraint Satisfaction Problems allow one to declaratively model problems. On the other hand, propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) solvers can handle huge SAT instances. We thus present a technique to declaratively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Frédéric Lardeux , Eric Monfroy , Broderick Crawford , Ricardo Soto

We propose to use local search algorithms to produce SAT instances which are harder to solve than randomly generated k-CNF formulae. The first results, obtained with rudimentary search algorithms, show that the approach deserves further…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-11-29 Olivier Bailleux

The Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) problem, a variant of the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, plays a critical role in integrated circuit design and verification. However, existing SAT solvers, optimized for Conjunctive Normal Form…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhengyuan Shi , Tiebing Tang , Jiaying Zhu , Sadaf Khan , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zhufei Chu , Qiang Xu

In this work we propose and analyze a simple randomized algorithm to find a satisfiable assignment for a Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) having at most 3 literals in every clause. Given a k-CNF formula phi on n variables,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Subhas Kumar Ghosh , Janardan Misra

It is shown that any two clauses in an instance of 3SAT sharing the same terminal which is positive in one clause and negated in the other can imply a new clause composed of the remaining terms from both clauses. Clauses can also imply…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Quigley

Over the years complexity theorists have proposed many structural parameters to explain the surprising efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) SAT solvers on a wide variety of large industrial Boolean instances. While some of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Edward Zulkoski , Ruben Martins , Christoph Wintersteiger , Robert Robere , Jia Liang , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Vijay Ganesh