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Defending computer networks from cyber attack requires timely responses to alerts and threat intelligence. Decisions about how to respond involve coordinating actions across multiple nodes based on imperfect indicators of compromise while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 John Mern , Kyle Hatch , Ryan Silva , Cameron Hickert , Tamim Sookoor , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has numerous applications in the real world thanks to its outstanding ability in quickly adapting to the surrounding environments. Despite its great advantages, DRL is susceptible to adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Inaam Ilahi , Muhammad Usama , Junaid Qadir , Muhammad Umar Janjua , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Dinh Thai Hoang , Dusit Niyato

In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), an agent seeks to replicate expert demonstrations through interactions with the environment. Traditionally, IRL is treated as an adversarial game, where an adversary searches over reward models, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Arnav Kumar Jain , Harley Wiltzer , Jesse Farebrother , Irina Rish , Glen Berseth , Sanjiban Choudhury

Backdoor attacks can cause reinforcement learning (RL) policies to behave normally under clean inputs while executing malicious behaviors when triggers are present. Existing RL backdoor attacks are primarily studied in simulation and often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tairan Huang , Qingqing Ye , Yulin Jin , Jiawei Lian , Yaxin Xiao , Yi Wang , Haibo Hu

We tackle the blackbox issue of deep neural networks in the settings of reinforcement learning (RL) where neural agents learn towards maximizing reward gains in an uncontrollable way. Such learning approach is risky when the interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 John Yang , Gyujeong Lee , Minsung Hyun , Simyung Chang , Nojun Kwak

Making learners robust to adversarial perturbation at test time (i.e., evasion attacks) or training time (i.e., poisoning attacks) has emerged as a challenging task. It is known that for some natural settings, sublinear perturbations in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody

We propose the first black-box targeted attack against online deep reinforcement learning through reward poisoning during training time. Our attack is applicable to general environments with unknown dynamics learned by unknown algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yinglun Xu , Gagandeep Singh

Machine learning techniques are currently used extensively for automating various cybersecurity tasks. Most of these techniques utilize supervised learning algorithms that rely on training the algorithm to classify incoming data into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Prithviraj Dasgupta , Joseph B. Collins

As machine learning models become more capable, they have exhibited increased potential in solving complex tasks. One of the most promising directions uses deep reinforcement learning to train autonomous agents in computer network defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Elizabeth Bates , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which raise concerns about applications of DRL to safety-critical systems. In this work, we adopt a principled way and study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Chao Wang

The incremental diffusion of machine learning algorithms in supporting cybersecurity is creating novel defensive opportunities but also new types of risks. Multiple researches have shown that machine learning methods are vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Andreolini , Luca Ferretti , Mirco Marchetti , Michele Colajanni

This work conducts the first analysis on the robustness against adversarial attacks on self-supervised Vision Transformers trained using DINO. First, we evaluate whether features learned through self-supervision are more robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Javier Rando , Nasib Naimi , Thomas Baumann , Max Mathys

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) related technology has expanded knowledge in the area, bringing to light new problems and challenges that require solutions. Furthermore, because the technology allows processes usually carried…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Cristian Millán-Arias , Ruben Contreras , Francisco Cruz , Bruno Fernandes

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in autonomous cyber defence agents trained to defend computer networks using deep reinforcement learning. These agents are typically trained in cyber gym environments using dense, highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Elizabeth Bates , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

This paper investigates the resilience and robustness of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) policies to adversarial perturbations in the state space. We first present an approach for the disentanglement of vulnerabilities caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Vahid Behzadan , William Hsu

Adversarial training in reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging because perturbations cascade through trajectories and compound over time, making fixed-strength attacks either overly destructive or too conservative. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lucas Schott , Elies Gherbi , Hatem Hajri , Sylvain Lamprier

This paper introduces Adversarial Resilience Learning (ARL), a concept to model, train, and analyze artificial neural networks as representations of competitive agents in highly complex systems. In our examples, the agents normally take the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Lars Fischer , Jan-Menno Memmen , Eric MSP Veith , Martin Tröschel

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes an agent learn from trial-and-error experiences gathered during the interaction with the environment. Recently, offline RL has become a popular RL paradigm because it saves the interactions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Chen Gong , Zhou Yang , Yunpeng Bai , Junda He , Jieke Shi , Kecen Li , Arunesh Sinha , Bowen Xu , Xinwen Hou , David Lo , Tianhao Wang

Unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) studies how to leverage environment statistics to learn useful behaviors without the cost of reward engineering. However, a central challenge in unsupervised RL is to extract behaviors that…

Recent work has demonstrated that neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. To escape from the predicament, many works try to harden the model in various ways, in which adversarial training is an effective way which learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Kejiang Chen , Hang Zhou , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaofeng Mao , Yuhong Li , Yuan He , Hui Xue , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu