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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are the most used algorithms in machine learning applications. In particular, SGD with adaptive learning rates and momentum is the industry standard to train deep networks. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona

The rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) has made low-precision training essential for reducing memory, improving efficiency, and enabling larger models and datasets. Existing convergence theories for adaptive optimizers, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuan Tang , Jichu Li , Difan Zou

RMSProp and ADAM continue to be extremely popular algorithms for training neural nets but their theoretical convergence properties have remained unclear. Further, recent work has seemed to suggest that these algorithms have worse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Soham De , Anirbit Mukherjee , Enayat Ullah

The pursuit of long-term autonomy mandates that machine learning models must continuously adapt to their changing environments and learn to solve new tasks. Continual learning seeks to overcome the challenge of catastrophic forgetting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jack Foster , Alexandra Brintrup

This paper aims to clearly distinguish between Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM) and Adam in terms of their convergence rates. We demonstrate that Adam achieves a faster convergence compared to SGDM under the condition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Wei Chen

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an inherently sequential training algorithm--computing the gradient at batch $i$ depends on the model parameters learned from batch $i-1$. Prior approaches that break this dependence do not honor them…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Saeed Maleki , Madan Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz , Olli Saarikivi , Tianju Xu , Vadim Eksarevskiy , Jaliya Ekanayake , Emad Barsoum

Most popular optimizers for deep learning can be broadly categorized as adaptive methods (e.g. Adam) and accelerated schemes (e.g. stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum). For many models such as convolutional neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Juntang Zhuang , Tommy Tang , Yifan Ding , Sekhar Tatikonda , Nicha Dvornek , Xenophon Papademetris , James S. Duncan

In this work, we propose an optimization algorithm which we call norm-adapted gradient descent. This algorithm is similar to other gradient-based optimization algorithms like Adam or Adagrad in that it adapts the learning rate of stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 David Sprunger

Optimizing deep neural networks is largely thought to be an empirical process, requiring manual tuning of several hyper-parameters, such as learning rate, weight decay, and dropout rate. Arguably, the learning rate is the most important of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Rahul Yedida , Snehanshu Saha , Tejas Prashanth

An algorithm is presented for momentum gradient descent optimization based on the first-order differential equation of the Newtonian dynamics. The fictitious mass is introduced to the dynamics of momentum for regularizing the adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Zhidong Han

Neural network training is inherently sequential where the layers finish the forward propagation in succession, followed by the calculation and back-propagation of gradients (based on a loss function) starting from the last layer. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Vahid Janfaza , Shantanu Mandal , Farabi Mahmud , Abdullah Muzahid

Adaptive optimization algorithms such as Adam are widely used in deep learning. The stability of such algorithms is often improved with a warmup schedule for the learning rate. Motivated by the difficulty of choosing and tuning warmup…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jerry Ma , Denis Yarats

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods are prominent for training machine learning and deep learning models. The performance of these techniques depends on their hyperparameter tuning over time and varies for different models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-22 Tomer Lancewicki , Selcuk Kopru

This paper investigates the convergence properties of the hypergradient descent method (HDM), a 25-year-old heuristic originally proposed for adaptive stepsize selection in stochastic first-order methods. We provide the first rigorous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Ya-Chi Chu , Wenzhi Gao , Yinyu Ye , Madeleine Udell

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimizers are generally used to train the convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In recent years, several adaptive momentum based SGD optimizers have been introduced, such as Adam, diffGrad, Radam and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P

Adaptive gradient-based optimizers such as Adagrad and Adam are crucial for achieving state-of-the-art performance in machine translation and language modeling. However, these methods maintain second-order statistics for each parameter,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Rohan Anil , Vineet Gupta , Tomer Koren , Yoram Singer

A common optimization tool used in deep reinforcement learning is momentum, which consists in accumulating and discounting past gradients, reapplying them at each iteration. We argue that, unlike in supervised learning, momentum in Temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

We propose a new per-layer adaptive step-size procedure for stochastic first-order optimization methods for minimizing empirical loss functions in deep learning, eliminating the need for the user to tune the learning rate (LR). The proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Achraf Bahamou , Donald Goldfarb

Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has been used successfully in many conventional machine learning applications and is considered to be a useful alternative to Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a deep learning optimizer.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Junxiang Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xiang Chen , Liang Zhao