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We introduce a new equivalence relation on decorated ribbon graphs, and show that its equivalence classes directly correspond to virtual links. We demonstrate how this correspondence can be used to convert any invariant of virtual links…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Scott Baldridge , Louis H. Kauffman , William Rushworth

We discuss the relation between open and closed string correlators using topological string theories as a toy model. We propose that one can reconstruct closed string correlators from the open ones by considering the Hochschild cohomology…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Kapustin , L. Rozansky

We prove that the bigraded colored Khovanov-Rozansky type A link and tangle invariants are functorial with respect to link and tangle cobordisms.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Michael Ehrig , Daniel Tubbenhauer , Paul Wedrich

In the main part of this paper a connection is just a fiber projection onto a (not necessarily integrable) distribution or sub vector bundle of the tangent bundle. Here curvature is computed via the Froelicher-Nijenhuis bracket, and it is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Peter W. Michor

In this paper, we compute the slice genus for many low-crossing virtual knots. For instance, we show that 1295 out of 92800 virtual knots with 6 or fewer crossings are slice, and that all but 248 of the rest are not slice. Key to these…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-10-04 Hans U. Boden , Micah Chrisman , Robin Gaudreau

In [8], K. Kaur, S. Kamada et al. posed a problem of finding a virtual knot, if exists, with an unknotting index (n,m), where (n,m) is a pair of non-negative integers. In this paper, we address this question by providing infinite families…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-06-23 K. Kaur , M. Prabhakar

We introduce "book links" as a generalization of braids in open book decompositions; this new class of objects includes both braids and plats as special cases. We then prove a version of Markov's theorem in this general setting by extending…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Roman Aranda , Fraser Binns , Margaret Doig

We study combinatorial properties of virtual braid groups and we describe relations with finite type invariant theory for virtual knots and Yang-Baxter equations

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Valerij G. Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri

Together with F. Morel, we have constructed in \cite{CR, Cobord1, Cobord2} a theory of {\em algebraic cobordism}, an algebro-geometric version of the topological theory of complex cobordism. In this paper, we give a survey of the…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Marc Levine

In this paper we show that for m>n the set of cobordism classes of maps from m-sphere to n-sphere is trivial. The determination of the cobordism homotopy groups of spheres admits applications to the covers for spheres.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-06-26 Oleg R. Musin , Jie Wu

The construction of double point cobordism groups of vector bundles on varieties in the work [Lee-P] (arXiv:1002.1500 [math.AG]) of Yuan-Pin Lee and Rahul Pandharipande gives immediately double point cobordism groups of filtered vector…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2011-04-05 Chien-Hao Liu , Yu-jong Tzeng , Shing-Tung Yau

Let $UVB_n$ and $UVP_n$ be the unrestricted virtual braid group and the unrestricted virtual pure braid group on n strands respectively. We study the groups $UVB_n$ and $UVP_n$, and our main results are as follows: for $n\geq 5$, we give a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Stavroula Makri

We describe the equivariant cobordism ring of smooth toric varieties. This equivariant description is used to compute the ordinary cobordism ring of such varieties.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-11-03 Amalendu Krishna , V. Uma

We show that the virtual singular braid monoid on $n$ strands embeds in a group $VSG_n$, which we call the virtual singular braid group on $n$ strands. The group $VSG_n$ contains a normal subgroup $VSPG_n$ of virtual singular pure braids.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Carmen Caprau , Antonia Yeung

We define the cohomogeneity one string, string with continuous symmetries, as its world surface is tangent to a Killing vector field of a target space. We classify the Killing vector fields by an equivalence relation using isometries of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Hideki Ishihara , Hiroshi Kozaki

We reconsider the su(3) link homology theory defined by Khovanov in math.QA/0304375 and generalized by Mackaay and Vaz in math.GT/0603307. With some slight modifications, we describe the theory as a map from the planar algebra of tangles to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-03-15 Scott Morrison , Ari Nieh

We prove that smooth 1-dimensional topological field theories over a manifold are equivalent to vector bundles with connection. The main novelty is our definition of the smooth 1-dimensional bordism category, which encodes cutting laws…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Daniel Berwick-Evans , Dmitri Pavlov

The notion of a virtual knot introduced by L. Kauffman induces the notion of a virtual braid. It is closely related with a welded braid of R. Fenn, R. Rimanyi and C. Rourke. Alexander's and Markov's theorems for virtual knots and braids are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Seiichi Kamada

This thesis splits into two major parts. The connection between the two parts is the notion of "categorification" which we shortly explain/recall in the introduction. In the first part of this thesis we extend Bar-Natan's cobordism based…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2013-07-13 Daniel Tubbenhauer

We introduce virtual tribrackets, an algebraic structure for coloring regions in the planar complement of an oriented virtual knot or link diagram. We use these structures to define counting invariants of virtual knots and links and provide…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Sam Nelson , Shane Pico
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