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Related papers: Non-compliance and missing data in health economic…

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Data corruption, including missing and noisy data, poses significant challenges in real-world machine learning. This study investigates the effects of data corruption on model performance and explores strategies to mitigate these effects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Qi Liu , Wanjing Ma

When resources are scarce, an allocation policy is needed to decide who receives a resource. This problem occurs, for instance, when allocating scarce medical resources and is often solved using modern ML methods. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Niclas Boehmer , Yash Nair , Sanket Shah , Lucas Janson , Aparna Taneja , Milind Tambe

Objectives: We propose a novel imputation method tailored for Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with structured and sporadic missingness. Such missingness frequently arises in the integration of heterogeneous EHR datasets for downstream…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-13 Jianbin Tan , Yan Zhang , Chuan Hong , T. Tony Cai , Tianxi Cai , Anru R. Zhang

We consider the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) in a semi-supervised learning setting, where a very small proportion of the entire set of observations are labeled with the true outcome but features predictive of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-27 David Cheng , Ashwin Ananthakrishnan , Tianxi Cai

Not-at-random missingness presents a challenge in addressing missing data in many health research applications. In this paper, we propose a new approach to account for not-at-random missingness after multiple imputation through weighted…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-21 Lauren J Beesley , Jeremy M G Taylor

Clinical dataset labels are rarely certain as annotators disagree and confidence is not uniform across cases. Typical aggregation procedures, such as majority voting, obscure this variability. In simple experiments on medical imaging…

A further understanding of cause and effect within observational data is critical across many domains, such as economics, health care, public policy, web mining, online advertising, and marketing campaigns. Although significant advances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhixuan Chu , Sheng Li

Missing observations are common in cluster randomised trials. Approaches taken to handling such missing data include: complete case analysis, single-level multiple imputation that ignores the clustering, multiple imputation with a fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-18 Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Michael G. Kenward , Manuel Gomes , Richard Grieve

Research on decision support applications in healthcare, such as those related to diagnosis, prediction, treatment planning, etc., have seen enormously increased interest recently. This development is thanks to the increase in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jussi Tohka , Mark van Gils

Extracting actionable insight from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) poses several challenges for traditional machine learning approaches. Patients are often missing data relative to each other; the data comes in a variety of modalities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Brandon Malone , Alberto Garcia-Duran , Mathias Niepert

Randomized experiments can provide unbiased estimates of sample average treatment effects. However, estimates of population treatment effects can be biased when the experimental sample and the target population differ. In this case, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-10 Wenqi Shi , Xi Lin

Target trial emulation (TTE) is a popular framework for observational studies based on electronic health records (EHR). A key component of this framework is determining the patient population eligible for inclusion in both a target trial of…

The quality of service in healthcare is constantly challenged by outlier events such as pandemics (i.e. Covid-19) and natural disasters (such as hurricanes and earthquakes). In most cases, such events lead to critical uncertainties in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Chih-Hao Huang , Feras A. Batarseh , Adel Boueiz , Ajay Kulkarni , Po-Hsuan Su , Jahan Aman

Objective: Electronic health records (EHR) data are prone to missingness and errors. Previously, we devised an "enriched" chart review protocol where a "roadmap" of auxiliary diagnoses (anchors) was used to recover missing values in EHR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sarah C. Lotspeich , Abbey Collins , Brian J. Wells , Ashish K. Khanna , Joseph Rigdon , Lucy D'Agostino McGowan

Clinical decision support using data mining techniques offers more intelligent way to reduce the decision error in the last few years. However, clinical datasets often suffer from high missingness, which adversely impacts the quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Xuetong Wu , Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi , Uwe Aickelin , Zobaida Edib , Michelle Peate

The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E9 (R1) Addendum provides a framework for defining estimands in clinical trials. Treatment policy strategy is the mostly used…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-10 Rong Liu , Yongming Qu

Treatment policy estimands are frequently favored by regulators, as they assess the effect of treatment assignment regardless of post-randomization events. Despite best efforts, missing data due to study discontinuation cannot be fully…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Ajmal Oodally , Craig Wang , Zheng Li , Tim Morris , Tobias Mütze , Arunava Chakravartty

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…

Data analysis based on information from several sources is common in economic and biomedical studies. This setting is often referred to as the data fusion problem, which differs from traditional missing data problems since no complete data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-07 Wei Li , Shanshan Luo , Wangli Xu