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The questions in a crowdsourcing task typically exhibit varying degrees of difficulty and subjectivity. Their joint effects give rise to the variation in responses to the same question by different crowd-workers. This variation is low when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Yuan Jin , Mark Carman , Ye Zhu , Wray Buntine

Crowdsourcing is an economic and efficient strategy aimed at collecting annotations of data through an online platform. Crowd workers with different expertise are paid for their service, and the task requester usually has a limited budget.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Jinzheng Tu , Guoxian Yu , Carlotta Domeniconi , Jun Wang , Xiangliang Zhang

Safe artificial intelligence for perception tasks remains a major challenge, partly due to the lack of data with high-quality labels. Annotations themselves are subject to aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, which is typically ignored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jonathan Klees , Tobias Riedlinger , Peter Stehr , Bennet Böddecker , Daniel Kondermann , Matthias Rottmann

Evaluating the truthfulness of online content is critical for combating misinformation. This study examines the efficiency and effectiveness of crowdsourced truthfulness assessments through a comparative analysis of two approaches: one…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kevin Roitero , Dustin Wright , Michael Soprano , Isabelle Augenstein , Stefano Mizzaro

The growing need to analyze large collections of documents has led to great developments in topic modeling. Since documents are frequently associated with other related variables, such as labels or ratings, much interest has been placed on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-20 Filipe Rodrigues , Mariana Lourenço , Bernardete Ribeiro , Francisco Pereira

Crowdsourcing provides a flexible approach for leveraging human intelligence to solve large-scale problems, gaining widespread acceptance in domains like intelligent information processing, social decision-making, and crowd ideation.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Lei Chai , Hailong Sun , Jing Zhang

Supervised classification heavily depends on datasets annotated by humans. However, in subjective tasks such as toxicity classification, these annotations often exhibit low agreement among raters. Annotations have commonly been aggregated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Negar Mokhberian , Myrl G. Marmarelis , Frederic R. Hopp , Valerio Basile , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Objective: This research explores using crowdsourcing for software usability evaluation. Background: Usability studies are essential for designing user-friendly software, but traditional methods are often costly and time-consuming.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Muhammad Nasir

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for evaluating the effects of changes to real-world systems. Data in these tests may be difficult to collect and outcomes may have high variance, resulting in potentially large measurement error.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Benjamin Letham , Brian Karrer , Guilherme Ottoni , Eytan Bakshy

Datasets extracted from social networks and online forums are often prone to the pitfalls of natural language, namely the presence of unstructured and noisy data. In this work, we seek to enable the collection of high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Rachel Gardner , Maya Varma , Clare Zhu , Ranjay Krishna

In the big data era, data labeling can be obtained through crowdsourcing. Nevertheless, the obtained labels are generally noisy, unreliable or even adversarial. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic graphical annotation model to infer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jing Li , Suiyi Ling , Junle Wang , Zhi Li , Patrick Le Callet

In recent years, progress in NLU has been driven by benchmarks. These benchmarks are typically collected by crowdsourcing, where annotators write examples based on annotation instructions crafted by dataset creators. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Mihir Parmar , Swaroop Mishra , Mor Geva , Chitta Baral

Crowdsourcing is a popular means to obtain labeled data at moderate costs, for example for tweets, which can then be used in text mining tasks. To alleviate the problem of low-quality labels in this context, multiple human factors have been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Stefan Räbiger , Yücel Saygın , Myra Spiliopoulou

Crowdsourcing systems aggregate decisions of many people to help users quickly identify high-quality options, such as the best answers to questions or interesting news stories. A long-standing issue in crowdsourcing is how option quality…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Keith Burghardt , Tad Hogg , Raissa M. D'Souza , Kristina Lerman , Marton Posfai

Crowdsourcing has become a common approach for annotating large amounts of data. It has the advantage of harnessing a large workforce to produce large amounts of data in a short time, but comes with the disadvantage of employing non-expert…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Irene Martin-Morato , Annamaria Mesaros

The abundance of predicted and mined but uncertain biological data show huge needs for massive, efficient and scalable curation efforts. The human expertise warranted by any successful curation enterprize is often economically prohibitive…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Hasan M. Jamil , Fereidoon Sadri

Recently, counting the number of people for crowd scenes is a hot topic because of its widespread applications (e.g. video surveillance, public security). It is a difficult task in the wild: changeable environment, large-range number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Qi Wang , Junyu Gao , Wei Lin , Yuan Yuan

Relying on crowdsourced workers, data crowdsourcing platforms are able to efficiently provide vast amounts of labeled data. Due to the variability in the annotation quality of crowd workers, modern techniques resort to redundant annotations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoyu Liu , Fei Wang , Minmin Lin , Runze Wu , Renyu Zhu , Shiwei Zhao , Kai Wang , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

The quality of digital information on the web has been disquieting due to the lack of careful manual review. Consequently, a large volume of false textual information has been disseminating for a long time since the prevalence of social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Qiang Zhang , Hongbin Huang , Shangsong Liang , Zaiqiao Meng , Emine Yilmaz

In machine learning, "ground truth" refers to the assumed correct labels used to train and evaluate models. However, the foundational "ground truth" paradigm rests on a positivistic fallacy that treats human disagreement as technical noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sheza Munir , Benjamin Mah , Krisha Kalsi , Shivani Kapania , Julian Posada , Edith Law , Ding Wang , Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed