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As experimental platforms for quantum information processing continue to mature, characterization of the quality of unitary gates that can be applied to their quantum bits (qubits) becomes essential. Eventually, the quality must be…

As quantum computing (QC) continues to evolve in hardware and software, measuring progress in this complex and diverse field remains a challenge. To track progress, uncover bottlenecks, and evaluate community efforts, benchmarks play a…

The central challenge of quantum computing is implementing high-fidelity quantum gates at scale. However, many existing approaches to qubit control suffer from a scale-performance trade-off, impeding progress towards the creation of useful…

Connecting multiple smaller qubit modules by generating high-fidelity entangled states is a promising path for scaling quantum computing hardware. The performance of such a modular quantum computer is highly dependent on the quality and…

A Quantum Computer is a new type of computer which can solve problems such as factoring and database search very efficiently. The usefulness of a quantum computer is limited by the effect of two different types of errors, decoherence and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kevin M. Obenland , Alvin M. Despain

Any architecture for practical quantum computing must be scalable. An attractive approach is to create multiple cores, computing regions of fixed size that are well-spaced but interlinked with communication channels. This exploded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Hamza Jnane , Brennan Undseth , Zhenyu Cai , Simon C Benjamin , Bálint Koczor

Quantum computers have now surpassed classical simulation limits, yet noise continues to limit their practical utility. As the field shifts from proof-of-principle demonstrations to early deployments, there is no standard method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen , David E. Bernal Neira

To perform meaningful computations, Quantum Computers (QCs) must scale to macroscopic levels - i.e., to a large number of qubits - an objective pursued by most quantum companies. How to efficiently test their quantumness at these scales? We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Ben Zindorf , Lorenzo Braccini , Debarshi Das , Sougato Bose

With the continued scaling of quantum processors, holistic benchmarks are essential for extensively evaluating device performance. Layer fidelity is a benchmark well-suited to assessing processor performance at scale. Key advantages of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Maria Jose Lozano Palacio , Hasan Nayfeh , Matthew Ware , David C. McKay

Quantum computing systems need to be benchmarked in terms of practical tasks they would be expected to do. Here, we propose 3 "application-motivated" circuit classes for benchmarking: deep (relevant for state preparation in the variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Daniel Mills , Seyon Sivarajah , Travis L. Scholten , Ross Duncan

Compilation and optimization of quantum circuits are critical components in the execution of algorithms on quantum computers. These components must successfully balance two competing priorities: minimizing the number of expensive resources,…

In this work we introduce an open source suite of quantum application-oriented performance benchmarks that is designed to measure the effectiveness of quantum computing hardware at executing quantum applications. These benchmarks probe a…

The performance of a quantum processor depends on the characteristics of the device and the quality of the control pulses. Characterizing cloud-based quantum computers and calibrating the pulses that control them is necessary for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-20 Caroline Tornow , Naoki Kanazawa , William E. Shanks , Daniel J. Egger

As quantum computers grow in size and scope, a question of great importance is how best to benchmark performance. Here we define a set of characteristics that any benchmark should follow -- randomized, well-defined, holistic, device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Mirko Amico , Helena Zhang , Petar Jurcevic , Lev S. Bishop , Paul Nation , Andrew Wack , David C. McKay

Quantum computers promise to enhance machine learning for practical applications. Quantum machine learning for real-world data has to handle extensive amounts of high-dimensional data. However, conventional methods for measuring quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Tobias Haug , Chris N. Self , M. S. Kim

Quantum tomography is the main method used to assess the quality of quantum information processing devices, but its complexity presents a major obstacle for the characterization of even moderately large systems. The number of experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Marcus P. da Silva , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , David Poulin

High quality, fully-programmable quantum processors are available with small numbers (<1000) of qubits, and the scientific potential of these near term machines is not well understood. If the small number of physical qubits precludes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Wesley C. Campbell

With the demonstrated ability to perform calculations in seconds that would take classical supercomputers thousands of years, quantum computers namely hold the promise of radically advancing sustainable IT. However, quantum computers face…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Sylvain Cordier , Karl Thibault , Marie-Luc Arpin , Ben Amor

Quantum computing testbeds exhibit high-fidelity quantum control over small collections of qubits, enabling performance of precise, repeatable operations followed by measurements. Currently, these noisy intermediate-scale devices can…

The development of prototype quantum information processors has progressed to a stage where small instances of logical qubit systems perform better than the best of their physical constituents. Advancing towards fault-tolerant quantum…