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Related papers: Paths, negative "probabilities", and the Leggett-G…

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According to the world view of macrorealism, the properties of a given system exist prior to and independent of measurement, which is incompatible with quantum mechanics. Leggett and Garg put forward a practical criterion capable of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-27 Eugenio Roldán , Johannes Kofler , Carlos Navarrete-Benlloch

We define the idea of {\it real path quantum theory}, a realist generalisation of quantum theory in which it is postulated that the configuration space path actually followed by a closed quantum system is probabilistically chosen. This is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Adrian Kent

The research questions that motivate transportation safety studies are causal in nature. Safety researchers typically use observational data to answer such questions, but often without appropriate causal inference methodology. The field of…

Applications · Statistics 2011-07-26 Vishesh Karwa , Aleksandra B. Slavković , Eric T. Donnell

The rise of quantum information theory has lent new relevance to experimental tests for non-classicality, particularly in controversial cases such as adiabatic quantum computing superconducting circuits. The Leggett-Garg inequality is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Mark M. Wilde , Ari Mizel

It is argued that there is a sensible way to define conditional probabilities in quantum mechanics, assuming only Bayes's theorem and standard quantum theory. These probabilities are equivalent to the ``weak measurement'' predictions due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Aephraim M. Steinberg

Fairness in machine learning has predominantly been studied in static classification settings without concern for how decisions change the underlying population over time. Conventional wisdom suggests that fairness criteria promote the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Lydia T. Liu , Sarah Dean , Esther Rolf , Max Simchowitz , Moritz Hardt

The mathematical similarities between non-relativistic wavefunction propagation in quantum mechanics and image propagation in scalar diffraction theory are used to develop a novel understanding of time and paths through spacetime as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Sky Nelson-Isaacs

In this paper we present a concept of quantum entanglement in time in a context of entangled consistent histories. These considerations are supported by presentation of necessary tools closely related to those acting on a space of spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Marcin Nowakowski

Counterfactual estimation using synthetic controls is one of the most successful recent methodological developments in causal inference. Despite its popularity, the current description only considers time series aligned across units and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-03 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

We present some novel results indicating that time's description in present-day physics is deficient. We use Hawking's information-erasure hypothesis to counter his own claim that time's arrow depends only on initial conditions. Next, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Avshalom C. Elitzur , Shahar Dolev

Negative probabilities emerged at intermediate steps in various attempts to predict the distributions of quantum interference. There is no consensus on their meaning yet. It has been suggested (Khrennikov, 1998) that negative probabilities…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-26 Ghenadie N. Mardari

Quantum steering is the ability to remotely prepare different quantum states by using entangled pairs as a resource. Very recently, the concept of steering has been quantified with the use of inequalities, leading to substantial…

The purpose of this expository paper is to highlight the starring role of time-frequency analysis techniques in some recent contributions concerning the mathematical theory of Feynman path integrals. We hope to draw the interest of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-04-07 S. Ivan Trapasso

One of the most fundamental problems in causal inference is the estimation of a causal effect when variables are confounded. This is difficult in an observational study, because one has no direct evidence that all confounders have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-03 Ricardo Silva , Robin Evans

Macrorealism formalizes the intuitive notion that at any given time the system occupies a definite state and that the evolution of the system is independent of the measurements performed on it, in contrast to the principles of quantum…

Path integrals are a central tool when it comes to describing quantum or thermal fluctuations of particles or fields. Their success dates back to Feynman who showed how to use them within the framework of quantum mechanics. Since then, path…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-31 Leticia F. Cugliandolo , Vivien Lecomte , Frédéric Van Wijland

We demonstrate a novel second-order spatial interference effect between two indistinguishable pairs of disjoint optical paths from a single chaotic source. Beside providing a deeper understanding of the physics of multi-photon interference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Michele Cassano , Milena D'Angelo , Augusto Garuccio , Tao Peng , Yanhua Shih , Vincenzo Tamma

We demonstrate the first violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality and time-order noninvariance on public quantum computers using genuine noninvasive measurements. By gathering sufficiently large statistics, we have been able to violate…

We derive a family of inequalities involving different phase-space distributions of a quantum state which have to be fulfilled by any classical state. The violation of these inequalities is a clear signature of nonclassicality. Our approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-03 Martin Bohmann , Elizabeth Agudelo

Quantum theory predicts and experiments confirm that nature can produce correlations between distant events that are nonlocal in the sense of violating a Bell inequality. Nevertheless, Bell's strong sentence {\it Correlations cry out for…