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Gentzen's 1936 proof of the consistency of Peano Arithmetic was a significant result in the foundations of mathematics. We provide here a modified version of the proof, based on G\"{o}del's reformulation, and including additional details…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Aaron Bryce , Rajeev Gore'

It was shown by Visser that Peano Arithmetic has the property that any two bi-interpretable extensions of it (in the same language) are equivalent. Enayat proposed to refer to this property of a theory as tightness and to carry out a more…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Piotr Gruza , Leszek Aleksander Kołodziejczyk , Mateusz Łełyk

This paper continues the author's previous study \cite{Kura20}, showing that several weak principles inspired by non-normal modal logic suffice to derive various refined forms of the second incompleteness theorem. Among the main results of…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Taishi Kurahashi

Induction is typically formalized as a rule or axiom extension of the LK-calculus. While this extension of the sequent calculus is simple and elegant, proof transformation and analysis can be quite difficult. Theories with an induction…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-04-03 David M. Cerna , Anela Lolic

G{\"o}del's second incompleteness theorem forbids to prove, in a given theory U, the consistency of many theories-in particular, of the theory U itself-as well as it forbids to prove the normalization property for these theories, since this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Gilles Dowek , Alexandre Miquel

Mathematical proofs are often said to justify their conclusions by indicating the existence of a corresponding formal derivation. We argue that this widespread view relies on an under-examined notion of correspondence, or what it means for…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Simon DeDeo , Eamon Duede

We prove, for stably computably enumerable formal systems, direct analogues of the first and second incompleteness theorems of G\"odel. A typical stably computably enumerable set is the set of Diophantine equations with no integer…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Yasha Savelyev

We argue that Godel's completeness theorem is equivalent to completability of consistent theories, and Godel's incompleteness theorem is equivalent to the fact that this completion is not constructive, in the sense that there are some…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Saeed Salehi

We apply the recently developed technology of cofinality spectrum problems to prove a range of theorems in model theory. First, we prove that any model of Peano arithmetic is $\lambda$-saturated iff it has cofinality $\geq \lambda$ and the…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-31 M. Malliaris , S. Shelah

We have published several articles about generalizations and boundary-case exceptions to the Second Incompleteness Theorem during the last 25 years. The current paper will review some of our prior results and also introduce an `enriched'…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-11-16 Dan E. Willard

Answering a question of Kaye, we show that the compositional truth theory with a full collection scheme is conservative over Peano Arithmetic. We demonstrate it by showing that countable models of compositional truth which satisfy the…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Bartosz Wcisło

A constructive proof of the Goedel-Rosser incompleteness theorem has been completed using the Coq proof assistant. Some theory of classical first-order logic over an arbitrary language is formalized. A development of primitive recursive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-05-19 Russell O'Connor

The standard interpretation of first-order number theory (PA), according to the generally accepted view, associates well-defined set-theoretic entities with each and every well-formed formula of this system. But this implies that the class…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Stephen Boyce

In this note let us give two remarks on proof-theory of PA. First a derivability relation is introduced to bound witnesses for provable $\Sigma_{1}$-formulas in PA. Second Paris-Harrington's proof for their independence result is…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Toshiyasu Arai

A formula $\phi$ is called \emph{$n$-provable} in a formal arithmetical theory $S$ if $\phi$ is provable in $S$ together with all true arithmetical $\Pi_{n}$-sentences taken as additional axioms. While in general the set of all $n$-provable…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Evgeny Kolmakov , Lev Beklemishev

The aim of this work is to show that contemporary mathematics, including Peano arithmetic, is inconsistent, to construct firm foundations for mathematics, and to begin building on these foundations.

Logic · Mathematics 2015-10-01 Edward Nelson

We give a proof of the inconsistency of PM arithmetic, classical set theory and related systems, incidentally exposing an error in Goedel's own proof of Goedel's Theorems. The inconsistency proof, that formulae of the form R and ~R occur as…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dr. S. Fennell

We make two contributions to the study of theory combination in satisfiability modulo theories. The first is a table of examples for the combinations of the most common model-theoretic properties in theory combination, namely stable…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Guilherme Vicentin de Toledo , Yoni Zohar , Clark Barrett

The overarching theme of the following pages is that mathematical logic -- centered around the incompleteness theorems -- is first and foremost an investigation of $\textit{computation}$, not arithmetic. Guided by this intuition we will…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Sebastian Oberhoff

We give a direct and elementary proof of the theorem on formal functions by studying the behaviour of the Godement resolution of a sheaf of modules under completion.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-11-29 Fernado Sancho , Pedro Sancho