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Bloom filter (BF) has been widely used to support membership query, i.e., to judge whether a given element x is a member of a given set S or not. Recent years have seen a flourish design explosion of BF due to its characteristic of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Lailong Luo , Deke Guo , Richard T. B. Ma , Ori Rottenstreich , Xueshan Luo

The Bloom filter (BF) is a space efficient randomized data structure particularly suitable to represent a set supporting approximate membership queries. BFs have been extensively used in many applications especially in networking due to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Laura Carrea , Alexei Vernitski , Martin Reed

These days, Key-Value Stores are widely used for scalable data storage. In this environment, Bloom filter (BF) serves as an efficient probabilistic data structure for representing sets of keys. They allow for set membership queries with no…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Paul Walther , Wejdene Mansour , Johann Maximilian Zollner , Martin Werner

Learned Bloom Filters, i.e., models induced from data via machine learning techniques and solving the approximate set membership problem, have recently been introduced with the aim of enhancing the performance of standard Bloom Filters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Dario Malchiodi , Davide Raimondi , Giacomo Fumagalli , Raffaele Giancarlo , Marco Frasca

Bloom Filter is extensively deployed data structure in various applications and research domain since its inception. Bloom Filter is able to reduce the space consumption in an order of magnitude. Thus, Bloom Filter is used to keep…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ripon Patgiri , Sabuzima Nayak , Samir Kumar Borgohain

Popular approximate membership query structures such as Bloom filters and cuckoo filters are widely used in databases, security, and networking. These structures represent sets approximately, and support at least two operations - insert and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jim Apple

The Bloom filter provides fast approximate set membership while using little memory. Engineers often use these filters to avoid slow operations such as disk or network accesses. As an alternative, a cuckoo filter may need less space than a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Thomas Mueller Graf , Daniel Lemire

A Bloom filter is a simple data structure supporting membership queries on a set. The standard Bloom filter does not support the delete operation, therefore, many applications use a counting Bloom filter to enable deletion. This paper…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Denis Kleyko , Abbas Rahimi , Ross W. Gayler , Evgeny Osipov

Bloom filters are used in query processing to perform early data reduction and improve query performance. The optimal query plan may be different when Bloom filters are used, indicating the need for Bloom filter-aware query optimization. To…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Tim Zeyl , Qi Cheng , Reza Pournaghi , Jason Lam , Weicheng Wang , Calvin Wong , Chong Chen , Per-Ake Larson

Recent work has suggested enhancing Bloom filters by using a pre-filter, based on applying machine learning to model the data set the Bloom filter is meant to represent. Here we model such learned Bloom filters, clarifying what guarantees…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Michael Mitzenmacher

A Bloom filter is a memory-efficient data structure for approximate membership queries used in numerous fields of computer science. Recently, learned Bloom filters that achieve better memory efficiency using machine learning models have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Atsuki Sato , Yusuke Matsui

Filters such as Bloom, quotient, and cuckoo filters are fundamental building blocks providing space-efficient approximate set membership testing. However, many applications need to associate small values with keys-functionality that filters…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Michael A. Bender , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , Rob Johnson , Prashant Pandey

We consider the problem of succinctly encoding a static map to support approximate queries. We derive upper and lower bounds on the space requirements in terms of the error rate and the entropy of the distribution of values over keys: our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-10-18 David Talbot , John Talbot

Bloom and cuckoo filters provide fast approximate set membership while using little memory. Engineers use them to avoid expensive disk and network accesses. The recently introduced xor filters can be faster and smaller than Bloom and cuckoo…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thomas Mueller Graf , Daniel Lemire

We suggest a method for holding a dictionary data structure, which maps keys to values, in the spirit of Bloom Filters. The space requirements of the dictionary we suggest are much smaller than those of a hashtable. We allow storing n keys,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-04-14 Ely Porat

Bloom Filters are a space-efficient data structure used for the testing of membership in a set that errs only in the False Positive direction. However, the standard analysis that measures this False Positive rate provides a form of worst…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Kahlil Dozier , Loqman Salamatian , Dan Rubenstein

Passwords should be easy to remember, yet expiration policies mandate their frequent change. Caught in the crossfire between these conflicting requirements, users often adopt creative methods to perform slight variations over time. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Davide Berardi , Franco Callegati , Andrea Melis , Marco Prandini

This paper presents a novel method for efficient image retrieval, based on a simple and effective hashing of CNN features and the use of an indexing structure based on Bloom filters. These filters are used as gatekeepers for the database of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Andrea Salvi , Simone Ercoli , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

Ultra-large chemical libraries are reaching 10s to 100s of billions of molecules. A challenge for these libraries is to efficiently check if a proposed molecule is present. Here we propose and study Bloom filters for testing if a molecule…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Jorge Medina , Andrew D White

In this paper we compare two probabilistic data structures for association queries derived from the well-known Bloom filter: the shifting Bloom filter (ShBF), and the spatial Bloom filter (SBF). With respect to the original data structure,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Luca Calderoni , Dario Maio , Paolo Palmieri