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In order for a humanoid robot to perform loco-manipulation such as moving an object while walking, it is necessary to account for sustained or alternating external forces other than ground-feet reaction, resulting from humanoid-object…

This work explores the potential of using differentiable simulation for learning quadruped locomotion. Differentiable simulation promises fast convergence and stable training by computing low-variance first-order gradients using robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yunlong Song , Sangbae Kim , Davide Scaramuzza

Galloping is a common high-speed gait in both animals and quadrupedal robots, yet its energetic characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically analyzes a large number of possible galloping gaits by categorizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

We propose in this paper a motion planning method for legged robot locomotion based on Geometric Heat Flow framework. The motion planning task is challenging due to the hybrid nature of dynamics and contact constraints. We encode the hybrid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-21 Yinai Fan , Shenyu Liu , Mohamed-Ali Belabbas

We present an integrated approach to locomotion and balancing of humanoid robots based on direct centroidal control. Our method uses a five-mass description of a humanoid. It generates whole-body motions from desired foot trajectories and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Grzegorz Ficht , Sven Behnke

This paper presents a role-adaptive Leader-Follower-based formation planning and control framework for teams of quadruped robots operating in cluttered environments. Unlike conventional methods with fixed leaders or rigid formation roles,…

This paper addresses the problem of legged locomotion in non-flat terrain. As legged robots such as quadrupeds are to be deployed in terrains with geometries which are difficult to model and predict, the need arises to equip them with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Vassilios Tsounis , Mitja Alge , Joonho Lee , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Embodiment is a significant keyword in recent machine learning fields. This study focused on the passive nature of the body of a biped robot to generate walking and running locomotion using model-based deep reinforcement learning. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tomoya Kamimura , Haruka Washiyama , Akihito Sano

Despite the great progress in quadrupedal robotics during the last decade, selecting good contacts (footholds) in highly uneven and cluttered environments still remains an open challenge. This paper builds upon a state-of-the-art approach,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Mathieu Geisert , Thomas Yates , Asil Orgen , Pierre Fernbach , Ioannis Havoutis

We present a framework to generate periodic trajectory references for a 3D under-actuated bipedal robot, using a linear inverted pendulum (LIP) based controller with adaptive neural regulation. We use the LIP template model to estimate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Victor Paredes , Ayonga Hereid

Salamander-like quadruped robots are designed inspired by the skeletal structure of their biological counterparts. However, existing controllers cannot fully exploit these morphological features and largely rely on predefined gait patterns…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiang Liu , Yang Liu , Yongchun Fang , Xian Guo

This work presents a hierarchical framework for bipedal locomotion that combines a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based high-level (HL) planner policy for the online generation of task space commands with a model-based low-level (LL)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Shunpeng Yang , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

The hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) approach has become a powerful tool for the gait planning and control of bipedal robots. This paper aims to extend the HZD methods to address walking, ambling and trotting behaviors on a quadrupedal robot. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wen-Loong Ma , Kaveh Akbari Hamed , Aaron D. Ames

Gaits and transitions are key components in legged locomotion. For legged robots, describing and reproducing gaits as well as transitions remain longstanding challenges. Reinforcement learning has become a powerful tool to formulate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Yecheng Shao , Yongbin Jin , Xianwei Liu , Weiyan He , Hongtao Wang , Wei Yang

This paper studies bipedal locomotion as a nonlinear optimization problem based on continuous and discrete dynamics, by simultaneously optimizing the remaining step duration, the next step duration and the foot location to achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Wenbin Hu , Iordanis Chatzinikolaidis , Kai Yuan , Zhibin Li

We present a versatile framework for the computational co-design of legged robots and dynamic maneuvers. Current state-of-the-art approaches are typically based on random sampling or concurrent optimization. We propose a novel bilevel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Traiko Dinev , Carlos Mastalli , Vladimir Ivan , Steve Tonneau , Sethu Vijayakumar

Dynamic quadrupedal locomotion over rough terrains reveals remarkable progress over the last few decades. Small-scale quadruped robots are adequately flexible and adaptable to traverse uneven terrains along sagittal direction, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Hongwu Zhu , Dong Wang , Nathan Boyd , Ziyi Zhou , Lecheng Ruan , Aidong Zhang , Ning Ding , Ye Zhao , Jianwen Luo

Quadruped-based mobile manipulation presents significant challenges in robotics due to the diversity of required skills, the extended task horizon, and partial observability. After presenting a multi-stage pick-and-place task as a succinct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haichao Zhang , Haonan Yu , Le Zhao , Andrew Choi , Qinxun Bai , Yiqing Yang , Wei Xu

Many robotics applications, from object manipulation to locomotion, require planning methods that are capable of handling the dynamics of contact. Trajectory optimization has been shown to be a viable approach that can be made to support…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Benoit Landry , Joseph Lorenzetti , Zachary Manchester , Marco Pavone

Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter