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While modern biotechnologies allow synthesizing new proteins and function measurements at scale, efficiently exploring a protein sequence space and engineering it remains a daunting task due to the vast sequence space of any given protein.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-15 Jiahao Qiu , Hui Yuan , Jinghong Zhang , Wentao Chen , Huazheng Wang , Mengdi Wang

Predicting the effect of mutations in proteins is one of the most critical challenges in protein engineering; by knowing the effect a substitution of one (or several) residues in the protein's sequence has on its overall properties, could…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-10-08 David Medina-Ortiz , Sebastian Contreras , Juan Amado-Hinojosa , Jorge Torres-Almonacid , Juan A. Asenjo , Marcelo Navarrete , Álvaro Olivera-Nappa

Neural prediction offers a promising approach to forecasting the individual variability of neurocognitive functions and disorders and providing prognostic indicators for personalized invention. However, it is challenging to translate neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanlin Wang , Nancy M Young , Patrick C M Wong

Proteins, essential to biological systems, perform functions intricately linked to their three-dimensional structures. Understanding the relationship between protein structures and their amino acid sequences remains a core challenge in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-04 Liang He , Peiran Jin , Yaosen Min , Shufang Xie , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin , Xiaozhuan Liang , Kaiyuan Gao , Yuliang Jiang , Tie-Yan Liu

Proteins play a pivotal role in biological systems. The use of machine learning algorithms for protein classification can assist and even guide biological experiments, offering crucial insights for biotechnological applications. We…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-24 Yizheng Wang , Yixiao Zhai , Yijie Ding , Quan Zou

Understanding protein sequences is vital and urgent for biology, healthcare, and medicine. Labeling approaches are expensive yet time-consuming, while the amount of unlabeled data is increasing quite faster than that of the labeled data due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Liang He , Shizhuo Zhang , Lijun Wu , Huanhuan Xia , Fusong Ju , He Zhang , Siyuan Liu , Yingce Xia , Jianwei Zhu , Pan Deng , Bin Shao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

The capability of accurate prediction of protein functions and properties is essential in the biotechnology industry, e.g. drug development and artificial protein synthesis, etc. The main challenges of protein function prediction are the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Po-Han Chi , Jia-Hua Wu , Min Sun

Designing DNA and protein sequences with improved function has the potential to greatly accelerate synthetic biology. Machine learning models that accurately predict biological fitness from sequence are becoming a powerful tool for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Johannes Linder , Georg Seelig

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are fundamental computational tools for the study of proteins and their free energy landscapes. However, sampling protein conformational changes through MD simulations is challenging due to the relatively…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-20 Diego E. Kleiman , Hassan Nadeem , Diwakar Shukla

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

A while ago, the ideas of evolutionary biology inspired computer scientists to develop a thriving nowadays field of evolutionary computation (EC), in general, and genetic algorithms (GA), in particular. At the same time, the directed…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-09 Alexander Spirov , Ekaterina Myasnikova

We investigate trends in the data-error scaling laws of machine learning (ML) models trained on discrete combinatorial spaces that are prone-to-mutation, such as proteins or organic small molecules. We trained and evaluated kernel ridge…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Vanni Doffini , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld , Michael A. Nash

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are well-established Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. They rely on the fact that i) linear learning can be formalized as a well-posed optimization problem; ii) non-linear learning can be brought into linear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Christian Gagné , Marc Schoenauer , Michèle Sebag , Marco Tomassini

The ability to absorb mutations while retaining structure and function, or mutational robustness, is a remarkable property of natural proteins. In this Letter, we use a computational model of organismic evolution [Zeldovich et al, PLOS Comp…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2008-06-25 Konstantin B. Zeldovich , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Effective representations of protein sequences are widely recognized as a cornerstone of machine learning-based protein design. Yet, protein bioengineering poses unique challenges for sequence representation, as experimental datasets…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-07 Ana F. Rodrigues , Lucas Ferraz , Laura Balbi , Pedro Giesteira Cotovio , Catia Pesquita

The most popular and universally predictive protein simulation models employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD), but they come at extreme computational cost. The development of a universal, computationally efficient coarse-grained (CG) model…

Sequence generative models are transforming protein engineering. However, no principled framework exists for conditioning these models on auxiliary information, such as experimental data, without additional training of a generative model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junhao Xiong , Ishan Gaur , Maria Lukarska , Hunter Nisonoff , Luke M. Oltrogge , David F. Savage , Jennifer Listgarten

Advances in deep learning have opened an era of abundant and accurate predicted protein structures; however, similar progress in protein ensembles has remained elusive. This review highlights several recent research directions towards…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Bowen Jing , Bonnie Berger , Tommi Jaakkola

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Motivation: Protein embedding, which represents proteins as numerical vectors, is a crucial step in various learning-based protein annotation/classification problems, including gene ontology prediction, protein-protein interaction…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-21 Jiayu Shang , Cheng Peng , Yongxin Ji , Jiaojiao Guan , Dehan Cai , Xubo Tang , Yanni Sun