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The radiation pressure of next generation ultra-high intensity ($>10^{23}$ W/cm$^{2}$) lasers could efficiently accelerate ions to GeV energies. However, nonlinear quantum-electrodynamic effects play an important role in the interaction of…
Intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses enable the investigation of XUV-induced nonlinear processes and are a prerequisite for the development of attosecond pump - attosecond probe experiments. While highly nonlinear processes in the XUV…
We demonstrate the potential of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) to advancethe understanding of complex plasma dynamics by allowing for the first time nanometer and femtosecond resolution at the same time in plasma diagnostics. Plasma…
The development of compact and bright XUV and soft X-ray sources based on high-order harmonic generation is boosting advances towards understanding the behavior of matter with extreme temporal and spatial resolutions. Here, we report…
The ongoing development of intense high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources has recently enabled highly nonlinear ionization of atoms by the absorption of at least 10 extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photons within a single atom [Senfftleben…
Spatial distributions of electrons ionized and scattered from ultra-low pressure gases are proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a method to directly measure the intensity of an ultra-high intensity laser pulse. Analytic models…
Coherent sources of attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation present many challenges if their full potential is to be realized. While many applications benefit from the broadband nature of these sources, it is also desirable to…
Ion acceleration driven by superintense laser pulses is attracting an impressive and steadily increasing effort. Motivations can be found in the potential for a number of foreseen applications and in the perspective to investigate novel…
The alignment dependence of the ionization behavior of H$_2$ exposed to intense ultrashort laser pulses is investigated on the basis of solutions of the full time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation within the fixed-nuclei and dipole…
From fusion dynamics in stars, to terrestrial lightning events, to new prospects of energy production or novel light sources, hot dense plasmas are of importance for an array of physical phenomena. Due to a plethora of correlations in…
Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources allow for the probing of bound electron dynamics on attosecond scales, interrogation of high-energy-density matter, and access to novel regimes of strong-field quantum electrodynamics. Despite the…
We present a detailed study of inelastic energy-loss collisions of photoelectrons emitted from He nanodroplets by tunable extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Using coincidence imaging detection of electrons and ions, we probe the lowest He…
For sufficiently short relativistic-intensity laser pulses, the disparity in time scales for electron and ion motion causes ions to behave as a fixed, neutralizing background. As the pulse duration or intensity is increased, ion motion…
We review the main aspects of multiple photoionization processes in atoms exposed to intense, short wavelength radiation. The main focus is the theoretical framework for the description of such processes as well as the conditions under…
The spectrum of laser-plasma generated X-rays is very important, it characterizes electron dynamics in plasma and is basic for applications. However, the accuracies and efficiencies of existing methods to diagnose the spectrum of…
We report on a measurement of the characteristic temperature of an ultracold rubidium ion source, in which a cloud of laser-cooled atoms is converted to ions by photo-ionization. Extracted ion pulses are focused on a detector with a…
We study the ionization dynamics of Ar clusters exposed to ultrashort near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses for intensities well below the threshold at which tunnel ionization ignites nanoplasma formation. We find that the emission of highly…
Xenon is the target material of choice in several rare event searches. The use of infrared (IR) scintillation light, in addition to the commonly used vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light, could increase the sensitivity of these experiments.…
Ionization by relativistically intense laser pulses of finite duration is considered in the framework of strong-field quantum electrodynamics. Our main focus is on the formation of ionization supercontinua. More specifically, when studying…
We present a theoretical study of atomic ionization due to an XUV pulse in the presence of an infrared laser. Within the strong field approximation and considering the periodicity and symmetry of the transition matrix we show that the…