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Related papers: Evaluating model calibration in classification

200 papers

As algorithms increasingly inform and influence decisions made about individuals, it becomes increasingly important to address concerns that these algorithms might be discriminatory. The output of an algorithm can be discriminatory for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Úrsula Hébert-Johnson , Michael P. Kim , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum

We present a novel approach to calibrating linguistic expressions of certainty, e.g., "Maybe" and "Likely". Unlike prior work that assigns a single score to each certainty phrase, we model uncertainty as distributions over the simplex to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Peiqi Wang , Barbara D. Lam , Yingcheng Liu , Ameneh Asgari-Targhi , Rameswar Panda , William M. Wells , Tina Kapur , Polina Golland

Calibration$\unicode{x2014}$the problem of ensuring that predicted probabilities align with observed class frequencies$\unicode{x2014}$is a basic desideratum for reliable prediction with machine learning systems. Calibration error is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Eugène Berta , Sacha Braun , David Holzmüller , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

Accurate probabilistic predictions are essential for optimal decision making. While neural network miscalibration has been studied primarily in classification, we investigate this in the less-explored domain of regression. We conduct the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Victor Dheur , Souhaib Ben Taieb

In safety-critical applications data-driven models must not only be accurate but also provide reliable uncertainty estimates. This property, commonly referred to as calibration, is essential for risk-aware decision-making. In regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jelke Wibbeke , Nico Schönfisch , Sebastian Rohjans , Andreas Rauh

The assessment of binary classifier performance traditionally centers on discriminative ability using metrics, such as accuracy. However, these metrics often disregard the model's inherent uncertainty, especially when dealing with sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Agathe Fernandes Machado , Arthur Charpentier , Emmanuel Flachaire , Ewen Gallic , François Hu

Calibration error is commonly adopted for evaluating the quality of uncertainty estimators in deep neural networks. In this paper, we argue that such a metric is highly beneficial for training predictive models, even when we do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Bindya Venkatesh , Deepta Rajan

Accurate calibration of probabilistic predictive models learned is critical for many practical prediction and decision-making tasks. There are two main categories of methods for building calibrated classifiers. One approach is to develop…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-16 Mahdi Pakdaman Naeini , Gregory F. Cooper , Milos Hauskrecht

In binary classification tasks, accurate representation of probabilistic predictions is essential for various real-world applications such as predicting payment defaults or assessing medical risks. The model must then be well-calibrated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Agathe Fernandes Machado , Arthur Charpentier , Emmanuel Flachaire , Ewen Gallic , François Hu

Probabilistic models must be well calibrated to support reliable decision-making. While calibration in single-output regression is well studied, defining and achieving multivariate calibration in multi-output regression remains considerably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Naomi Desobry , Elnura Zhalieva , Souhaib Ben Taieb

Classifier calibration has received recent attention from the machine learning community due both to its practical utility in facilitating decision making, as well as the observation that modern neural network classifiers are poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 John Kirchenbauer , Jacob Oaks , Eric Heim

Probability forecasts for binary outcomes, often referred to as probabilistic classifiers or confidence scores, are ubiquitous in science and society, and methods for evaluating and comparing them are in great demand. We propose and study a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-27 Timo Dimitriadis , Tilmann Gneiting , Alexander I. Jordan , Peter Vogel

Accurate estimation of predictive uncertainty (model calibration) is essential for the safe application of neural networks. Many instances of miscalibration in modern neural networks have been reported, suggesting a trend that newer, more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Matthias Minderer , Josip Djolonga , Rob Romijnders , Frances Hubis , Xiaohua Zhai , Neil Houlsby , Dustin Tran , Mario Lucic

The accurate representation of epistemic uncertainty is a challenging yet essential task in machine learning. A widely used representation corresponds to convex sets of probabilistic predictors, also known as credal sets. One popular way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mira Jürgens , Thomas Mortier , Eyke Hüllermeier , Viktor Bengs , Willem Waegeman

The deployment of machine learning classifiers in high-stakes domains requires well-calibrated confidence scores for model predictions. In this paper we introduce the notion of variable-based calibration to characterize calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Markelle Kelly , Padhraic Smyth

Predictions and forecasts of machine learning models should take the form of probability distributions, aiming to increase the quantity of information communicated to end users. Although applications of probabilistic prediction and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-19 Hristos Tyralis , Georgia Papacharalampous

Calibration is a popular framework to evaluate whether a classifier knows when it does not know - i.e., its predictive probabilities are a good indication of how likely a prediction is to be correct. Correctness is commonly estimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joris Baan , Wilker Aziz , Barbara Plank , Raquel Fernández

Machine learning classifiers often produce probabilistic predictions that are critical for accurate and interpretable decision-making in various domains. The quality of these predictions is generally evaluated with proper losses, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Eugène Berta , David Holzmüller , Michael I. Jordan , Francis Bach

The correct use and interpretation of models depends on several steps, two of which being the calibration by parameter estimation and the analysis of uncertainty. In the biological literature, these steps are seldom discussed together, but…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-08-17 André Chalom , Paulo Inácio de Knegt López de Prado

Predictions are often probabilities; e.g., a prediction could be for precipitation tomorrow, but with only a 30% chance. Given such probabilistic predictions together with the actual outcomes, "reliability diagrams" help detect and diagnose…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Imanol Arrieta-Ibarra , Paman Gujral , Jonathan Tannen , Mark Tygert , Cherie Xu