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Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Despite being the most popular privacy-enhancing network, Tor is increasingly adopted by cybercriminals to obfuscate malicious traffic, hindering the identification of malware-related communications between compromised devices and Command…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ishan Karunanayake , Mashael AlSabah , Nadeem Ahmed , Sanjay Jha

Over the last two decades, the scale and complexity of Anonymous networks and its associated technologies grows exponentially as privacy has become a major concern of individuals. Also, some cyber attackers make use of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Tian Yunfan , Zhang Xiang

Tor is currently the most popular network for anonymous Internet access. It critically relies on volunteer nodes called bridges for relaying Internet traffic when a user's ISP blocks connections to Tor. Unfortunately, current methods for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Mahdi Zamani , Jared Saia , Jedidiah Crandall

The evolution of digital communication systems and the designs of online platforms have inadvertently facilitated the subconscious propagation of toxic behavior. Giving rise to reactive responses to toxic behavior. Toxicity in online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Smita Khapre , Melkamu Abay Mersha , Hassan Shakil , Jonali Baruah , Jugal Kalita

The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Motivated by the effectiveness of correlation attacks against Tor, the censorship arms race, and observations of malicious relays in Tor, we propose that Tor users capture their trust in network elements using probability distributions over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Aaron D. Jaggard , Aaron Johnson , Paul Syverson , Joan Feigenbaum

We propose in this paper a new propagation vector for malicious software by abusing the Tor network. Tor is particularly relevant, since operating a Tor exit node is easy and involves low costs compared to attack institutional or ISP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Gerard Wagener , Alexandre Dulaunoy , Radu State

Increasingly, web content is automatically generated by large language models (LLMs) with little human input. We call this "LLM-dominant" content. Since LLMs plagiarize and hallucinate, LLM-dominant content can be unreliable and unethical.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sichang Steven He , Ramesh Govindan , Harsha V. Madhyastha

Open proxies forward traffic on behalf of any Internet user. Listed on open proxy aggregator sites, they are often used to bypass geographic region restrictions or circumvent censorship. Open proxies sometimes also provide a weak form of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Akshaya Mani , Tavish Vaidya , David Dworken , Micah Sherr

Free web proxies promise anonymity and censorship circumvention at no cost. Several websites publish lists of free proxies organized by country, anonymity level, and performance. These lists index hundreds of thousand of hosts discovered…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Diego Perino , Matteo Varvello , Claudio Soriente

Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Alexander Darer , Oliver Farnan , Joss Wright

This research paper is a study on the TOR Foundation and the TOR Network. Due to the blind confidence over this network and this foundation we have collect data and gather information in open sources to understand how it is organized. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Maxence Delong , Eric Filiol , Clément Coddet , Olivier Fatou , Clément Suhard

How, in 20 short years, did we go from the promise of the internet to democratize access to knowledge and make the world more understanding and enlightened, to the litany of daily horrors that is today's internet? We are awash in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Elliott Waissbluth , Hany Farid , Vibhor Sehgal , Ankit Peshin , Sadia Afroz

In today's digital society, the Tor network has become an indispensable tool for individuals to protect their privacy on the Internet. Operated by volunteers, relay servers constitute the core component of Tor and are used to geographically…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Christoph Döpmann , Matthias Marx , Hannes Federrath , Florian Tschorsch

Being a volunteer-run, distributed anonymity network, Tor is vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Little is known about real-world Sybils in the Tor network, and we lack practical tools and methods to expose Sybil attacks. In this work, we develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Philipp Winter , Roya Ensafi , Karsten Loesing , Nick Feamster

In this paper we conduct a large scale measurement study in order to analyse the fake content publishing phenomenon in the BitTorrent Ecosystem. Our results reveal that fake content represents an important portion (35%) of those files…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-23 Michal Kryczka , Ruben Cuevas , Roberto Gonzalez , Angel Cuevas , Arturo Azcorra

Tor is an anonymity network used by millions of people every day to evade censorship and protect their browsing activity from privacy threats such as mass surveillance. Unfortunately, Tor has been shown to be vulnerable to website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ethan Witwer

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich