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The Colour Refinement algorithm is a classical procedure to detect symmetries in graphs, whose most prominent application is in graph-isomorphism tests. The algorithm and its generalisation, the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm, evaluate local…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Sandra Kiefer , T. Devini de Mel

We develop the basics of a theory of almost isometries for spaces endowed with a quasi-metric. The case of non-reversible Finsler (more specifically, Randers) metrics is of particular interest, and it is studied in more detail. The main…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-02-28 Miguel Angel Javaloyes , Leandro Lichtenfelz , Paolo Piccione

Otto's Theorem characterises the bisimulation-invariant PTIME queries over graphs as exactly those that can be formulated in the polyadic mu-calculus, hinging on the Immerman-Vardi Theorem which characterises PTIME (over ordered structures)…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Florian Bruse , David Kronenberger , Martin Lange

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem, which asks whether two graphs are structurally identical, occupies a unique position in computational complexity -- it is neither known to be solvable in polynomial time, nor proven to be NP-complete. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Wenjie Xiao , Mathieu Besançon , Patrick Gelß , Deborah Hendrych , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Pokutta

Linear logics have been shown to be able to embed both rewriting-based approaches and process calculi in a single, declarative framework. In this paper we are exploring the embedding of double-pushout graph transformations into quantified…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-12-01 Paolo Torrini , Reiko Heckel

We study approximate equivalence relations up to commensurability, in the presence of a definable measure. As a basic framework, we give a presentation of probability logic based on continuous logic. Hoover's normal form is valid here; if…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Ehud Hrushovski

We develop two approaches to Quantum (or Non-commutative) Graphs based on arbitrary von Neumann algebras $M\subseteq\mathcal B(H)$: one looking at operator bimodules of Hilbert--Schmidt (instead of bounded) operators, and the second looking…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Matthew Daws

Comparability graphs are graphs which have transitive orientations. The dimension of a poset is the least number of linear orders whose intersection gives this poset. The dimension ${\rm dim}(X)$ of a comparability graph $X$ is the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Pavel Klavík , Peter Zeman

In recent years, algorithms and neural architectures based on the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm, a well-known heuristic for the graph isomorphism problem, emerged as a powerful tool for (supervised) machine learning with graphs and relational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Christopher Morris , Matthias Fey , Nils M. Kriege

We consider the problem of deterministically factoring a univariate polynomial over a finite field under the assumption of the Extended Riemann Hypothesis (ERH). This work builds upon the line of approach first explored by Gao in $2001$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Aurko Roy

The $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm is a powerful tool in graph isomorphism testing. For an input graph $G$, the algorithm determines a canonical coloring of $s$-tuples of vertices of $G$ for each $s$ between 1 and $k$. We say…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

The Weisfeiler-Leman procedure is a widely-used technique for graph isomorphism testing that works by iteratively computing an isomorphism-invariant coloring of vertex tuples. Meanwhile, a fundamental tool in structural graph theory, which…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Sandra Kiefer , Daniel Neuen

We consider polynomial maps described by so-called "(multivariate) linearized polynomials". These polynomials are defined using a fixed prime power, say q. Linearized polynomials have no mixed terms. Considering invertible polynomial maps…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2012-10-09 Joost Berson

We investigate the bottom of the spectra of infinite quantum graphs, i.e., Laplace operators on metric graphs having infinitely many edges and vertices. We introduce a new definition of the isoperimetric constant for quantum graphs and then…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Aleksey Kostenko , Noema Nicolussi

Let $C^*(E)$ be the graph $C^*$-algebra associated to a graph E and let J be a gauge invariant ideal in $C^*(E)$. We compute the cyclic six-term exact sequence in $K$-theory of the associated extension in terms of the adjacency matrix…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2012-11-20 Toke M. Carlsen , Søren Eilers , Mark Tomforde

We appeal to results from combinatorial random matrix theory to deduce that various random graph $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras are asymptotically almost surely Kirchberg algebras with trivial $K_1$. This in particular implies that, with high…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Bhishan Jacelon , Igor Khavkine

We exhibit an analogy between the problem of pushing forward measurable sets under measure preserving maps and linear relaxations in combinatorialoptimization. We show how invariance of hyperfiniteness of graphings under local isomorphism…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-17 László Lovász

Invertible neural networks (INNs) are neural network architectures with invertibility by design. Thanks to their invertibility and the tractability of Jacobian, INNs have various machine learning applications such as probabilistic modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Isao Ishikawa , Takeshi Teshima , Koichi Tojo , Kenta Oono , Masahiro Ikeda , Masashi Sugiyama

We associate to any Riemannian symmetric space (of finite or infinite dimension) a L$^*$-algebra, under the assumption that the curvature operator has a fixed sign. L$^*$-algebras are Lie algebras with a pleasant Hilbert space structure.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Bruno Duchesne

We present a strong connection between quantum information and quantum permutation groups. Specifically, we define a notion of quantum isomorphisms of graphs based on quantum automorphisms from the theory of quantum groups, and then show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-02 Martino Lupini , Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson