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We investigate the dimension-parametric complexity of the reachability problem in vector addition systems with states (VASS) and its extension with pushdown stack (pushdown VASS). Up to now, the problem is known to be $\mathcal{F}_k$-hard…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Wojciech Czerwiński , Ismaël Jecker , Sławomir Lasota , Jérôme Leroux , Łukasz Orlikowski

Branching VASS (BVASS) generalise vector addition systems with states by allowing for special branching transitions that can non-deterministically distribute a counter value between two control states. A run of a BVASS consequently becomes…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Stefan Göller , Christoph Haase , Ranko Lazić , Patrick Totzke

We consider the decidability of state-to-state reachability in linear time-invariant control systems over discrete time. We analyse this problem with respect to the allowable control sets, which in general are assumed to be defined by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Joël Ouaknine , Amaury Pouly , João Sousa-Pinto , James Worrell

We study a family of reachability problems under waiting-time restrictions in temporal and vertex-colored temporal graphs. Given a temporal graph and a set of source vertices, we find the set of vertices that are reachable from a source via…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Suhas Thejaswi , Juho Lauri , Aristides Gionis

Reachability in pushdown vector addition systems with states (PVASS) is among the longest standing open problems in Theoretical Computer Science. We show that the problem is decidable in full generality. Our decision procedure is similar in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Roland Guttenberg , Eren Keskin , Roland Meyer

In many kinds of infinite-state systems, the coverability problem has significantly lower complexity than the reachability problem. In order to delineate the border of computational hardness between coverability and reachability, we propose…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yousef Shakiba , Henry Sinclair-Banks , Georg Zetzsche

The reachability problem for vector addition systems is a central problem of net theory. This problem is known to be decidable but the complexity is still unknown. Whereas the problem is EXPSPACE-hard, no elementary upper bounds complexity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Jérôme Leroux

Vector addition system with states (VASS) is a popular model for the verification of concurrent systems. VASS consists of finitely many control states and a set of counters which can be incremented and decremented, but not tested for zero.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-21 A. R. Balasubramanian

An $\mathsf{F}_{d}$ upper bound for the reachability problem in vector addition systems with states (VASS) in fixed dimension is given, where $\mathsf{F}_d$ is the $d$-th level of the Grzegorczyk hierarchy of complexity classes. The new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yuxi Fu , Qizhe Yang , Yangluo Zheng

In this paper we consider the reachability problem for bounded branching VASS. Bounded VASS are a variant of the classic VASS model where all values in all configurations are upper bounded by a fixed natural number, encoded in binary in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Filip Mazowiecki , Michał Pilipczuk

The geometric dimension of a Vector Addition System with States (VASS), emerged in Leroux and Schmitz (2019) and formalized by Fu, Yang, and Zheng (2024), quantifies the dimension of the vector space spanned by cycle effects in the system.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yangluo Zheng

Seminal results establish that the coverability problem for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASS) is in EXPSPACE (Rackoff, '78) and is EXPSPACE-hard already under unary encodings (Lipton, '76). More precisely, Rosier and Yen later…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Marvin Künnemann , Filip Mazowiecki , Lia Schütze , Henry Sinclair-Banks , Karol Węgrzycki

This paper studies reachability, coverability and inclusion problems for Integer Vector Addition Systems with States (ZVASS) and extensions and restrictions thereof. A ZVASS comprises a finite-state controller with a finite number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Christoph Haase , Simon Halfon

We consider the decidability of state-to-state reachability in linear time-invariant control systems over continuous time. We analyse this problem with respect to the allowable control sets, which are assumed to be the image under a linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Mohan Dantam , Amaury Pouly

We consider a variant of VASS extended with integer counters, denoted VASS+Z. These are automata equipped with N and Z counters; the N-counters are required to remain nonnegative and the Z-counters do not have this restriction. We study the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Clotilde Bizière , Wojciech Czerwiński , Roland Guttenberg , Jérôme Leroux , Vincent Michielini , Łukasz Orlikowski , Antoni Puch , Henry Sinclair-Banks

The independent set on a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a subset of $V$ such that no two vertices in the subset have an edge between them. The MIS problem on $G$ seeks to identify an independent set with maximum cardinality, i.e. maximum independent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Bhadrachalam Chitturi

The reachability problem asks to decide if there exists a path from one vertex to another in a digraph. In a grid digraph, the vertices are the points of a two-dimensional square grid, and an edge can occur between a vertex and its…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Rahul Jain , Raghunath Tewari

Reachability and other path-based measures on temporal graphs can be used to understand spread of infection, information, and people in modelled systems. Due to delays and errors in reporting, temporal graphs derived from data are unlikely…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jessica Enright , Laura Larios-Jones , Kitty Meeks , William Pettersson

Despite recent progress which settled the complexity of the reachability problem for Vector Addition Systems with States (VASSes) as being Ackermann-complete we still lack much understanding for that problem. A striking example is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Wojciech Czerwiński , Adam Jędrych

The article studies edge coverage for control flow graphs extended with explicit constraints. Achieving a given level of white-box coverage for a given code is a classic problem in software testing. We focus on designing test sets that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jakub Ruszil , Artur Polański , Adam Roman , Jakub Zelek