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Microservices based architectures are based on a set of modular, independent and fault-tolerant services. In recent years, the software engineering community presented studies investigating potential, recurrent, effective architectural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Mohammad Imranur , Rahman , Sebastiano Panichella , Davide Taibi

Public cloud services are integral to modern software development, offering scalability and flexibility to organizations. Based on customer requests, a large product development organization considered migrating the microservice-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Anders Sundelin , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta , Krzysztof Wnuk

Technical Debt (TD) refers to the long-term costs incurred when developers prioritize short-term delivery over quality-improving work. Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) arises when architectural decisions (e.g., technology choices,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Edi Sutoyo , Paris Avgeriou , Andrea Capiluppi

The technical debt (TD) metaphor describes actions made during various stages of software development that lead to a more costly future regarding system maintenance and evolution. According to recent studies, on average 25% of development…

Modern software systems are increasingly shifting from monolithic architectures to microservices to enhance scalability, maintainability, and deployment flexibility. Existing microservice extraction methods typically rely on hard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Morteza Ziabakhsh , Kiyan Rezaee , Sadegh Eskandari , Seyed Amir Hossein Tabatabaei , Mohammad M. Ghassemi

Serverless is an emerging cloud computing paradigm that facilitates developers to focus solely on the application logic rather than provisioning and managing the underlying infrastructure. The inherent characteristics such as scalability,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Muhammad Hamza , Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Kari Smolander

When developing software, it is vitally important to keep the level of technical debt down since it is well established from several studies that technical debt can, e.g., lower the development productivity, decrease the developers' morale,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Terese Besker , Antonio Martini , Jan Bosch

Complex engineered systems routinely face schedule and cost overruns, along with poor post-deployment performance. Championed by both INCOSE and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the systems engineering (SE) community has increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jannatul Shefa , Taylan G. Topcu

A vigorous and growing set of technical debt analysis tools have been developed in recent years -- both research tools and industrial products -- such as Structure 101, SonarQube, and DV8. Each of these tools identifies problematic files…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jason Lefever , Yuanfang Cai , Humberto Cervantes , Rick Kazman , Hongzhou Fang

[Context] The adoption of micro-frontends architectures has gained traction as a promising approach to enhance modularity, scalability, and maintainability of web applications. [Goal] The primary aim of this research is to investigate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fabio Antunes , Maria Julia Dias Lima , Marco Antônio Pereira Araújo , Davide Taibi , Marcos Kalinowski

The long lifetime and the evolving nature of industrial products make them subject to technical debt at different levels. Despite multiple years of research on technical debt management, our industrial experience shows that introducing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Somayeh Malakuti , Jens Heuschkel

The microservice architecture is a style inspired by service-oriented computing that has recently started gaining popularity and that promises to change the way in which software is perceived, conceived and designed. In this paper we offer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Manuel Mazzara , Ruslan Mustafin , Larisa Safina , Ivan Lanese

Microservice Architectures (MA) have the potential to increase the agility of software development. In an era where businesses require software applications to evolve to support software emerging requirements, particularly for Internet of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Dharmendra Shadija , Mo Rezai , Richard Hill

To meet project timelines or budget constraints, developers intentionally deviate from writing optimal code to feasible code in what is known as incurring Technical Debt (TD). Furthermore, as part of planning their correction, developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Anthony Peruma , Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Christian D. Newman , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Microservices have become a popular architectural style for data-driven applications, given their ability to functionally decompose an application into small and autonomous services to achieve scalability, strong isolation, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Rodrigo Laigner , Yongluan Zhou , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Yijian Liu , Marcos Kalinowski

Widely adopted for their scalability and flexibility, modern microservice systems present unique failure diagnosis challenges due to their independent deployment and dynamic interactions. This complexity can lead to cascading failures that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shenglin Zhang , Sibo Xia , Wenzhao Fan , Binpeng Shi , Xiao Xiong , Zhenyu Zhong , Minghua Ma , Yongqian Sun , Dan Pei

Context: Technical lag accumulates when software systems fail to keep pace with technological advancements, leading to a deterioration in software quality. Objective: This paper aims to consolidate existing research on technical lag,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shane K. Panter , Nasir U. Eisty

Context. Technical debt (TD) items are constructs in a software system providing short-term benefits but hindering future changes. TD management (TDM) is frequently researched but rarely adopted in practice. Goal. This study aimed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Marion Wiese , Kamila Serwa , Anastasia Besier , Ariane S. Marion-Jetten , Eva Bittner

Existing software tools enable characterizing and measuring the amount of technical debt at selective granularity levels. In this paper we aim to study the evolution and characteristics of technical debt in open-source software. We carry…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Arthur-Jozsef Molnar , Simona Motogna

In the micro frontends architectural style, the frontend is divided into smaller components, which can range from a simple button to an entire page. The goal is to improve scalability, resilience, and team independence, albeit at the cost…