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In radio astronomy, holography is a commonly used technique to create an image of the electric field distribution in the aperture of a dish antenna. The image is used to detect imperfections in the reflector surface. Similarly, holography…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 U. Kiefner , R. B. Wayth , D. B. Davidson , M. Sokolowski

With the rapid development of large-scale integrated photonics, optical phased array (OPA) is an effective way to realize highly integrated, stable and low-cost beam control system. Achieving a large field of view (FOV) in the longitudinal…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-03 Weijie Xu , Xianxian Jiang , Yelong Bao , Junjia Wang

Antenna array calibration is necessary to maintain the high fidelity of beam patterns across a wide range of advanced antenna systems and to ensure channel reciprocity in time division duplexing schemes. Despite the continuous development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 Sergey S. Tambovskiy , Gábor Fodor , Hugo M. Tullberg

Conventional fixed-orientation antenna (FOA) arrays offer limited degrees of freedom (DoF) for flexible beamforming such as null steering. To address this limitation, we propose a new rotatable antenna array (RAA) architecture in this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Yingqi Wen , Weidong Mei , Yike Xie , Beixiong Zheng , Zhi Chen , Boyu Ning

We discuss absolute calibration strategies for Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), which aims to measure the cosmological 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). HERA is a drift-scan array with a 10 degree…

This paper presents a joint calibration scheme for voltage (V) and current (I) probes that helps resolve accurately voltage-current phase differences even when the difference is very close to $90^{\circ}$. The latter has been a major issue…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Mahreen , A. Ganguli , Veda Prakash Gajula , Satyananda Kar , Debaprasad Sahu

Polarimetric phased arrays (PPAs) enhance radar target detection and anti-jamming capabilities, but their conventional dual transmit/receive (T/R) channel architecture leads to high cost and system complexity. To address these limitations,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Yiqing Wang , Jian Zhou , Chen Pang , Wenyang Man , Zixiang Xiong , Ke Meng , Zhanling Wang , Yongzhen Li

Electronic wave functions of planar molecules can be reconstructed via inverse Fourier transform of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) data, provided the phase of the electron wave in the detector plane is known. Since the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-23 Pavel Kliuiev , Tatiana Latychevskaia , Juerg Osterwalder , Matthias Hengsberger , Luca Castiglioni

We present methods for efficient characterization of an optical coherent state $|\alpha\rangle$. We choose measurement settings adaptively and stochastically, based on data while it is collected. Our algorithm divides the estimation into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-08 Markku P. V. Stenberg , Kevin Pack , Frank K. Wilhelm

Grating lobes arise from the periodic nature of element spacing in the optical phased array. Essentially, the phased array performs the Spatial Fourier Transform on light; the steering capability of the main lobe is governed by phase shift…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Bowen Yu , Dachuan Wu , Yasha Yi

This paper investigates the application of Constrained-View Radiated Power (CVRP) for diagnosing phased array element failures, specifically focusing on on-off element failure. CVRP, similar to Partial Radiated Power (PRP), considers a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-14 Alejandro Antón Ruiz , John Kvarnstrand , Klas Arvidsson , Andrés Alayón Glazunov

Our aim is to assess the benefits and limitations of using the redundant visibility information in regular phased array systems for improving the calibration. Regular arrays offer the possibility to use redundant visibility information to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Parisa Noorishad , Stefan J. Wijnholds , Arnold van Ardenne , Thijs van der Hulst

Integrated optics Green Machines enable better communication in photon-starved environments, but fabrication inconsistencies induce unpredictable internal phase errors, making them difficult to construct. We describe and experimentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Alec M. Hammond , Ian W. Frank , Ryan M. Camacho

In order to meet the theoretically achievable imaging performance, calibration of modern radio interferometers is a mandatory challenge, especially at low frequencies. In this perspective, we propose a novel parallel iterative…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-09 Martin Brossard , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Marius Pesavento , Rémy Boyer , Pascal Larzabal , Stefan J. Wijnholds

We introduce a framework for the reconstruction of the amplitude, phase and polarisation of an optical vector-field using calibration measurements acquired by an imaging device with an unknown linear transformation. By incorporating…

Distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output networks utilize a large number of distributed access points (APs) to serve multiple user equipments (UEs), offering significant potential for both communication and localization. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Yibo Wu , Musa Furkan Keskin , Ulf Gustavsson , Gonzalo Seco-Granados , Erik G. Larsson , Henk Wymeersch

Accurate antenna array calibrations and measurements of aspects such as active element pattern (AEP) are critical for enabling integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technologies such as directional modulation. One reliable way of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Rebekah Edwards , Taylor Martini , Jonathan E. Swindell , David W. Cox , Adam C. Goad , Austin Egbert , Charles Baylis , Robert J. Marks

In this paper, we propose a fast method for array response adjustment with phase-only constraint. This method can precisely and rapidly adjust the array response of a given point by only varying the entry phases of a pre-assigned weight…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-16 Xuejing Zhang , Zishu He , Bin Liao , Xuepan Zhang , Yue Yang

This paper deals with the calibration of the analogue chains of a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) phased aperture array station, using embedded element patterns (one per antenna in the array, thus accounting for the full effects of mutual…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-14 Josef Borg , Alessio Magro , Kristian Zarb Adami , Eloy de lera Acedo , Adrian Sutinjo , Daniel Ung

Optical phase measurement is critical for many applications and traditional approaches often suffer from mechanical instability, temporal latency, and computational complexity. In this paper, we describe compact phase sensor arrays based on…