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We introduce a self-censoring model for multivariate nonignorable nonmonotone missing data, where the missingness process of each outcome is affected by its own value and is associated with missingness indicators of other outcomes, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Yilin Li , Wang Miao , Ilya Shpitser , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

When data are missing due to at most one cause from some time to next time, we can make sampling distribution inferences about the parameter of the data by modeling the missing-data mechanism correctly. Proverbially, in case its mechanism…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-21 Kosuke Morikawa , Yutaka Kano

In longitudinal studies, subjects may be lost to follow-up, or miss some of the planned visits, leading to incomplete response sequences. When the probability of non-response, conditional on the available covariates and the observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-10 Alessandra Spagnoli , Maria Francesca Marino , Marco Alfò

Sensitivity analysis is popular in dealing with missing data problems particularly for non-ignorable missingness. It analyses how sensitively the conclusions may depend on assumptions about missing data e.g. missing data mechanism (MDM). We…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-01-26 Peng Yin , Jian Qing Shi

This paper proposes a general multiple imputation approach for analyzing large-scale data with missing values. An imputation model is derived from a joint distribution induced by a latent variable model, which can flexibly capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-26 Siliang Zhang , Yunxiao Chen , Jouni Kuha

We consider the problem of estimating the mean of a random variable Y subject to non-ignorable missingness, i.e., where the missingness mechanism depends on Y . We connect the auxiliary proxy variable framework for non-ignorable missingness…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-30 Andrew C. Miller , Joseph Futoma

This paper provides further insight into the key concept of missing at random (MAR) in incomplete data analysis. Following the usual selection modelling approach we envisage two models with separable parameters: a model for the response of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Guobing Lu , John B. Copas

Causal discovery from data affected by unobserved variables is an important but difficult problem to solve. The effects that unobserved variables have on the relationships between observed variables are more complex in nonlinear cases than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Takashi Nicholas Maeda , Shohei Shimizu

Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the survey. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-01 Kewei Xu , Jerome P. Reiter

Noncompliance and missing data often occur in randomized trials, which complicate the inference of causal effects. When both noncompliance and missing data are present, previous papers proposed moment and maximum likelihood estimators for…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-04 Hua Chen , Peng Ding , Zhi Geng , Xiao-Hua Zhou

Missing data are inevitable in clinical trials, and trials that produce categorical ordinal responses are not exempted from this. Typically, missing values in the data occur due to different missing mechanisms, such as missing completely at…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-09 Arnab Kumar Maity , Huaming Tan , Vivek Pradhan , Soutir Bandyopadhyay

The analysis of incomplete contingency tables is a practical and an interesting problem. In this paper, we provide characterizations for the various missing mechanisms of a variable in terms of response and non-response odds for two and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-27 S. Ghosh , P. Vellaisamy

We consider the task of identifying and estimating a parameter of interest in settings where data is missing not at random (MNAR). In general, such parameters are not identified without strong assumptions on the missing data model. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-29 Zixiao Wang , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

We study the identification and estimation of statistical functionals of multivariate data missing non-monotonically and not-at-random, taking a semiparametric approach. Specifically, we assume that the missingness mechanism satisfies what…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser , Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen

How to deal with nonignorable response is often a challenging problem encountered in statistical analysis with missing data. Parametric model assumption for the response mechanism is often made and there is no way to validate the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-31 Masatoshi Uehara , Jae Kwang Kim

Missing data arises when certain values are not recorded or observed for variables of interest. However, most of the statistical theory assume complete data availability. To address incomplete databases, one approach is to fill the gaps…

Statistical inference with nonresponse is quite challenging, especially when the response mechanism is nonignorable. In this case, the validity of statistical inference depends on untestable correct specification of the response model. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-15 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Kosuke Morikawa , Keisuke Takahata

Nonignorable missing outcomes are common in real world datasets and often require strong parametric assumptions to achieve identification. These assumptions can be implausible or untestable, and so we may forgo them in favour of partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-19 Daniel Daly-Grafstein , Paul Gustafson

Data analyses typically rely upon assumptions about missingness mechanisms that lead to observed versus missing data. When the data are missing not at random, direct assumptions about the missingness mechanism, and indirect assumptions…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-22 Alexander M Franks , Edoardo M Airoldi , Donald B Rubin

The inferential models (IM) framework provides prior-free, frequency-calibrated, posterior probabilistic inference. The key is the use of random sets to predict unobservable auxiliary variables connected to the observable data and unknown…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-26 Ryan Martin , Chuanhai Liu