Related papers: On long words avoiding Zimin patterns
A word on $q$ symbols is a sequence of letters from a fixed alphabet of size $q$. For an integer $k\ge 1$, we say that a word $w$ is $k$-universal if, given an arbitrary word of length $k$, one can obtain it by removing entries from $w$. It…
A graph $G = (\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}, E)$ is $12$-representable if there is a word $w$ over $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ such that two vertices $i$ and $j$ with $i < j$ are adjacent if and only if every $j$ occurs before every $i$ in $w$. These…
The most fundamental problem considered in algorithms for text processing is pattern matching: given a pattern $p$ of length $m$ and a text $t$ of length $n$, does $p$ occur in $t$? Multiple versions of this basic question have been…
We study the distribution and the popularity of some patterns in $k$-ary faro words, i.e. words over the alphabet $\{1, 2, \ldots, k\}$ obtained by interlacing the letters of two nondecreasing words of lengths differing by at most one. We…
We prove a central limit theorem for the length of the longest subsequence of a random permutation which follows one of a class of repeating patterns. This class includes every fixed pattern of ups and downs having at least one of each,…
We study here the so called subsequence pattern matching also known as hidden pattern matching in which one searches for a given pattern $w$ of length $m$ as a subsequence in a random text of length $n$. The quantity of interest is the…
Covering arrays for words of length $t$ over a $d$ letter alphabet are $k \times n$ arrays with entries from the alphabet so that for each choice of $t$ columns, each of the $d^t$ $t$-letter words appears at least once among the rows of the…
We develop the technique of reduced word manipulation to give a range of results concerning reduced words and permutations more generally. We prove a broad connection between pattern containment and reduced words, which specializes to our…
Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. In their original definition, patterns only allow for…
We describe a new non-constructive technique to show that squares are avoidable by an infinite word even if we force some letters from the alphabet to appear at certain occurrences. We show that as long as forced positions are at distance…
We consider the following novel variation on a classical avoidance problem from combinatorics on words: instead of avoiding repetitions in all factors of a word, we avoid repetitions in all factors where each individual factor is considered…
In [BabStein] Babson and Steingr\'{\i}msson introduced generalized permutation patterns that allow the requirement that two adjacent letters in a pattern must be adjacent in the permutation. In [Kit1] Kitaev considered simultaneous…
An overlap-free (or $\beta$-free) word $w$ over a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$ is extremal if every word obtained from $w$ by inserting a single letter from $\Sigma$ at any position contains an overlap (or a factor of exponent at least $\beta$,…
Tandem duplication in DNA is the process of inserting a copy of a segment of DNA adjacent to the original position. Motivated by applications that store data in living organisms, Jain {\em et al.} (2016) proposed the study of codes that…
Given an alphabet $S$, we consider the size of the subsets of the full sequence space $S^{\rm {\bf Z}}$ determined by the additional restriction that $x_i\not=x_{i+f(n)},\ i\in {\rm {\bf Z}},\ n\in {\rm {\bf N}}.$ Here $f$ is a positive,…
We are interested in the maximal number of distinct squares in a word. This problem was introduced by Fraenkel and Simpson, who presented a bound of 2n for a word of length n, and conjectured that the bound was less than n. Being that the…
New bounds on the number of similar or directly similar copies of a pattern within a finite subset of the line or the plane are proved. The number of equilateral triangles whose vertices all lie within an $n$-point subset of the plane is…
String matching is the problem of deciding whether a given $n$-bit string contains a given $k$-bit pattern. We study the complexity of this problem in three settings. Communication complexity. For small $k$, we provide near-optimal upper…
A permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ is said to be $k$-universal or a $k$-superpattern if for every $\pi\in S_k$, there is a subsequence of $\sigma$ that is order-isomorphic to $\pi$. A simple counting argument shows that $\sigma$ can be a…
We present an efficient algorithm for finding all approximate occurrences of a given pattern $p$ of length $m$ in a text $t$ of length $n$ allowing for translocations of equal length adjacent factors and inversions of factors. The algorithm…