Related papers: Adding new experimental arms to randomised clinica…
Aims: Combinations of treatments can offer additional benefit over the treatments individually. However, trials of these combinations are lower priority than the development of novel therapies, which can restrict funding, timelines and…
Contextual sensing and delivery of digital interventions to improve health outcomes have gained significant traction in behavioral and psychiatric studies. Micro-randomized trials (MRTs) are a common experimental design for obtaining…
Win statistics have become increasingly popular for analyzing hierarchical composite endpoints in clinical trials, because they summarize treatment benefit through pairwise comparisons that respect the clinical importance order among…
This research was motivated by studying anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation and its potential impact on long-term benefit of a biologic treatment in a randomized controlled trial, in which ADA status was not only unobserved in the control…
The $\gamma$-FDP and $k$-FWER multiple testing error metrics, which are tail probabilities of the respective error statistics, have become popular recently as less-stringent alternatives to the FDR and FWER. We propose general and flexible…
We consider learning personalized assignments to one of many treatment arms from a randomized controlled trial. Standard methods that estimate heterogeneous treatment effects separately for each arm may perform poorly in this case due to…
In this paper, the problem of error control of stepwise multiple testing procedures is considered. For two-sided hypotheses, control of both type 1 and type 3 (or directional) errors is required, and thus mixed directional familywise error…
A fundamental task in the analysis of datasets with many variables is screening for associations. This can be cast as a multiple testing task, where the objective is achieving high detection power while controlling type I error. We consider…
Instrumental variables (IVs) are extensively used to estimate treatment effects when the treatment and outcome are confounded by unmeasured confounders; however, weak IVs are often encountered in empirical studies and may cause problems.…
This paper deals with a new design methodology for stratified comparative experiments based on interacting reinforced urn systems. The key idea is to model the interaction between urns for borrowing information across strata and to use it…
In MT evaluation, pairwise comparisons are conducted to identify the better system. In conducting the comparison, the experimenter must allocate a budget to collect Direct Assessment (DA) judgments. We provide a cost effective way to spend…
We present an aggregation scheme that increases power in randomized controlled trials and quasi-experiments when the intervention possesses a robust and well-articulated theory of change. Longitudinal data analyzing interventions often…
Observational studies can play a useful role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of competing treatments. In a clinical trial the randomization of participants to treatment and control groups generally results in well-balanced groups…
We propose a simple single-step multiple testing procedure that asymptotically controls the family-wise error rate (FWER) at the desired level exactly under the equicorrelated multivariate Gaussian setup. The method is shown to be…
In comparative studies, such as in causal inference and clinical trials, balancing important covariates is often one of the most important concerns for both efficient and credible comparison. However, chance imbalance still exists in many…
Rerandomization discards assignments with covariates unbalanced in the treatment and control groups to improve estimation and inference efficiency. However, the acceptance-rejection sampling method used in rerandomization is computationally…
In clinical studies, the risk of the primary (terminal) event may be modified by intermediate events, resulting in semicompeting risks. To study the treatment effect on the terminal event mediated by the intermediate event, researchers wish…
The theocratical properties of the power of the conventional testing hypotheses and the selection bias are usually unknown under covariate-adaptive randomized clinical trials. In the literature, most studies are based on simulations. In…
Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (MMRMs) are ubiquitous when analyzing outcomes of clinical trials. However, the linearity of the fixed-effect structure in these models largely restrict their use to estimating treatment effects that are…
A crossover trial is an efficient trial design when there is no carry-over effect. To reduce the impact of the biological carry-over effect, a washout period is often designed. However, the carry-over effect remains an outstanding concern…