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Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) and intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs) are important gravitational-wave (GW) sources for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). So far, their formation and evolution are considered to be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-14 Peng Peng , Xian Chen

In this work, we propose a new subclass of extreme-mass-ratio-inspirals (EMRIs): mass-gap EMRIs, consisting of a compact object in the lower mass gap $\sim (2.5-5) M_\odot$ and a massive black hole (MBH). The mass-gap object (MGO) may be a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Zhen Pan , Zhenwei Lyu , Huan Yang

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are important sources for space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Such a source normally consists of a stellar-mass black hole (BH) and a Kerr supermassive BH (SMBH), but recent astrophysical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Xian Chen , Zhongfu Zhang

Stars on eccentric orbits around a massive black hole (MBH) emit bursts of gravitational waves (GWs) at periapse. Such events may be directly resolvable in the Galactic centre. However, if the star does not spiral in, the emitted GWs are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Silvia Toonen , Clovis Hopman , Marc Freitag

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), namely binary systems composed of a massive black hole and a compact stellar-mass object, are anticipated to be among the gravitational wave (GW) sources detected by the Laser Interferometer Space…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-23 Chang Liu , Danny Laghi , Nicola Tamanini

Theoretical and observational studies suggest that stellar binaries exist in large numbers in galactic nuclei like our own Galactic Center. Neutron stars (NSs), and debatedly, black holes (BHs) and white dwarfs (WDs), receive natal kicks at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-03 Bao-Minh Hoang , Smadar Naoz , Melodie Sloneker

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are long-duration gravitational-wave sources in which a compact object gradually spirals into a massive black hole. Their formation is governed by the interplay between stochastic angular-momentum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-11 Chen Feng , Yong Tang

A common result to all EMRI investigations on rates is that the possibility that a compact object merges with the MBH after only one intense burst of GWs is much more likely than a slow adiabatic inspiral, an EMRI. The later is referred to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Carlos F. Sopuerta , Marc Dewi Freitag

We analyze the parameter estimation accuracy that can be achieved for the mass and spin of SgrA$^\ast$, the SMBH in our Galactic Center, by detecting multiple extremely large mass-ratio inspirals (XMRIs). XMRIs are formed by brown dwarfs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-10 Verónica Vázquez-Aceves , Yiren Lin , Alejandro Torres-Orjuela

Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where a compact object orbits a massive black hole, are a key source of gravitational waves for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Due to their small mass ratio, ($\epsilon \sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-22 Philip Lynch , Vojtěch Witzany , Maarten van de Meent , Niels Warburton

We present realistic eccentricity distributions for extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) forming via the two-body relaxation channel in nuclear star clusters, tracking their evolution up to the final plunge onto the central Schwarzschild…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Davide Mancieri , Luca Broggi , Morgan Vinciguerra , Alberto Sesana , Matteo Bonetti

Gravitational waves from extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), the inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into massive black holes, are predicted to be observed by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). A sufficiently large…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-07 Shashwat Singh , Christian E. A. Chapman-Bird , Christopher P L Berry , John Veitch

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are one of the primary targets for the recently adopted millihertz gravitational-wave (GW) observatory LISA. Some previous studies have argued that a fraction of all EMRIs form in matter-rich…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-02 Shubham Kejriwal , Vojtech Witzany , Michal Zajacek , Dheeraj R. Pasham , Alvin J. K. Chua

Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) are one of the most promising sources of gravitational waves (GWs) for space-based detectors like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). EMRIs consist of a compact stellar object orbiting around…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-05 Priscilla Canizares , Jonathan R. Gair , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) can be classified as dry EMRIs and wet EMRIs based on their formation mechanisms. Dry (or the "loss-cone") EMRIs, previously considered as the main EMRI sources for the Laser Interferometer Space…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-08 Zhen Pan , Zhenwei Lyu , Huan Yang

We study the stellar binary black holes (BBHs) inspiralling/merging in galactic nuclei based on our numerical method GNC. We find that $3-40\%$ of all new born BBHs will finally merge due to various dynamical effects. In a five year's…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-15 Fupeng Zhang , Xian Chen , Lijing Shao , Kohei Inayoshi

Stellar-mass black hole binaries (BHBs) in galactic nuclei are gravitationally perturbed by the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) of the host galaxy, potentially inducing strong eccentricity oscillations through the eccentric…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-21 Alan M. Knee , Jess McIver , Smadar Naoz , Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Bao-Minh Hoang , Evgeni Grishin

Gravitational wave (GW) signals from extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are a key observational target for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The waveforms may be affected by the astrophysical environment surrounding the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-19 Soumodeep Mitra , Nicholas Speeney , Sumanta Chakraborty , Emanuele Berti

We study the formation of intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs) triggered by the interactions between two stellar black holes (BHs) and an intermediate-mass BH (IMBH) inhabiting the centre of a dense star cluster. We exploit $N$-body…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-18 Manuel Arca-Sedda , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Xian Chen

We propose a novel source of gravitational wave emission: the inspirals of compact fragments inside primordial supermassive stars (SMSs). Such systems are thought to be an essential channel in the as-yet little understood formation of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-26 Yael Raveh , Yonadav Barry Ginat , Hagai B. Perets , Tyrone E. Woods