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DNA strings and their properties are widely studied since last 20 years due to its applications in DNA computing. In this area, one designs a set of DNA strings (called DNA code) which satisfies certain thermodynamic and combinatorial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Krishna Gopal Benerjee , Manish K Gupta

In DNA-based data storage, DNA codes with biochemical constraints and error correction are designed to protect data reliability. Single-stranded DNA sequences with secondary structure avoidance (SSA) help to avoid undesirable secondary…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Shu Liu , Chaoping Xing , Yaqian Zhang

DNA codes have garnered significant interest due to their utilization in digital media storage, cryptography, and DNA computing. In this paper, we first extend the results of constructing reversible group codes \cite{Cengellenmis} and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Guodong Wang , Hongwei Liu , Xueyan Chen

We consider the problem of efficiently designing sets (codes) of equal-length DNA strings (words) that satisfy certain combinatorial constraints. This problem has numerous motivations including DNA computing and DNA self-assembly. Previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao , Manan Sanghi , Robert Schweller

DNA codes have many applications, such as in data storage, DNA computing, etc. Good DNA codes have large sizes and satisfy some certain constraints. In this paper, we present a new construction method for reversible DNA codes. We show that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xueyan Chen , Whan-Hyuk Choi , Hongwei Liu

We provide an overview of current approaches to DNA-based storage system design and accompanying synthesis, sequencing and editing methods. We also introduce and analyze a suite of new constrained coding schemes for both archival and random…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-07-08 S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei Yazdi , Han Mao Kiah , Eva Ruiz Garcia , Jian Ma , Huimin Zhao , Olgica Milenkovic

DNA sequences are prone to creating secondary structures by folding back on themselves by non-specific hybridization among its nucleotides. The formation of secondary structures makes the sequences chemically inactive towards synthesis and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Paramapalli Udaya , Abhay Kumar Singh

DNA Data storage has recently attracted much attention due to its durable preservation and extremely high information density (bits per gram) properties. In this work, we propose a hybrid coding strategy comprising of generalized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Yixin Wang , Li Deng , Md. Noor-A-Rahim , Erry Gunawan , Yong L. Guan , Zhi P. Shi , Chueh L. Poh

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing DNA sequences (codewords) for DNA storage systems and DNA computing that are unlikely to fold back onto themselves to form undesirable secondary structures. The paper addresses both the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Olgica Milenkovic , Navin Kashyap

The biggest challenge when using DNA as a storage medium is maintaining its stability. The relative occurrence of Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) is essential for the longevity of DNA. In addition to that, reverse complementary base pairs…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-03 NallappaBhavithran G , Selvakumar R

DNA, with remarkable properties of high density, durability, and replicability, is one of the most appealing storage media. Emerging DNA storage technologies use composite DNA letters, where information is represented by probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Wenkai Zhang , Zhiying Wang

The process of DNA-based data storage (DNA storage for short) can be mathematically modelled as a communication channel, termed DNA storage channel, whose inputs and outputs are sets of unordered sequences. To design error correcting codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Wentu Song , Kui Cai , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

Composite DNA is a recent novel method to increase the information capacity of DNA-based data storage above the theoretical limit of 2 bits/symbol. In this method, every composite symbol does not store a single DNA nucleotide but a mixture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tuan Thanh Nguyen , Chen Wang , Kui Cai , Yiwei Zhang , Zohar Yakhini

We consider the problem of coding for the substring channel, in which information strings are observed only through their (multisets of) substrings. Due to existing DNA sequencing techniques and applications in DNA-based storage systems,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yonatan Yehezkeally , Nikita Polyanskii

We describe a strategy for constructing codes for DNA-based information storage by serial composition of weighted finite-state transducers. The resulting state machines can integrate correction of substitution errors; synchronization by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ian Holmes

DNA synthesis is considered as one of the most expensive components in current DNA storage systems. In this paper, focusing on a common synthesis machine, which generates multiple DNA strands in parallel following a fixed supersequence,we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yajuan Liu , Tolga M. Duman

We consider the problem of assembling a sequence based on a collection of its substrings observed through a noisy channel. The mathematical basis of the problem is the construction and design of sequences that may be discriminated based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-04 Han Mao Kiah , Gregory J. Puleo , Olgica Milenkovic

We study the amount of reliable information that can be stored in a DNA-based storage system composed of short DNA molecules. In this regime, Shomorony and Heckel (2022) put forward a conjecture on the scaling of the number of information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ran Tamir , Nir Weinberger , Albert Guillén i Fàbregas

We derive theoretical upper and lower bounds on the maximum size of DNA codes of length n with constant GC-content w and minimum Hamming distance d, both with and without the additional constraint that the minimum Hamming distance between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Oliver D. King

As a medium for cold data storage, DNA stands out as it promises significant gains in storage capacity and lifetime. However, it comes with its own data processing challenges to overcome. Constrained codes over the DNA alphabet…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Canberk İrimağzı , Ahmed Hareedy
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