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This paper presents eye2vec, an infrastructure for analyzing software developers' eye movements while reading source code. In common eye-tracking studies in program comprehension, researchers must preselect analysis targets such as control…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haruhiko Yoshioka , Kazumasa Shimari , Hidetake Uwano , Kenichi Matsumoto

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking the progression of reading through eye-gaze measurements. Such an algorithm is novel and will ultimately help to develop a method of analyzing eye-gaze data which had been collected during…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

Eye-tracking technology is widely used in various application areas such as psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and human-computer interaction, as it is a valuable tool for understanding how people process information and interact with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Enkelejda Kasneci , Hong Gao , Suleyman Ozdel , Virmarie Maquiling , Enkeleda Thaqi , Carrie Lau , Yao Rong , Gjergji Kasneci , Efe Bozkir

PeyeDF is a Portable Document Format (PDF) reader with eye tracking support, available as free and open source software. It is especially useful to researchers investigating reading and learning phenomena, as it integrates PDF…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Marco Filetti , Hamed R. Tavakoli , Niklas Ravaja , Giulio Jacucci

We present a novel approach for determining learners' second language proficiency which utilizes behavioral traces of eye movements during reading. Our approach provides stand-alone eyetracking based English proficiency scores which reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Yevgeni Berzak , Boris Katz , Roger Levy

In this paper, we firstly present what is Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) and rapidly how we have combined this artificial intelligence technique with an eye-tracker for visual optimization. Next, in order to correctly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Denis Pallez , Laurent Brisson , Thierry Baccino

We propose an online access panel to support the evaluation process of Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) systems - called IIRpanel. By maintaining an online access panel with users of IIR systems we assume that the recurring effort to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Dagmar Kern , Peter Mutschke , Philipp Mayr

In this paper a review is presented of the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, that has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Anuradha Kar , Peter Corcoran

Eye Tracking (ET) can help to understand visual attention and cognitive processes in interactive environments. In attention tasks, distinguishing between relevant target objects and distractors is crucial for effective performance, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Abdul Rehman , Ilona Heldal , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin

For many applications, such as targeted advertising and content recommendation, knowing users' traits and interests is a prerequisite. User profiling is a helpful approach for this purpose. However, current methods, i.e. self-reporting,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-04-15 Keng-Teck Ma , Qianli Xu , Liyuan Li , Terence Sim , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rosary Lim

The interplay between text and visualization is gaining importance for media where traditional text is enriched by visual elements to improve readability and emphasize facts. In two controlled eye-tracking experiments ($N=12$), we approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Franziska Huth , Maurice Koch , Miriam Awad , Daniel Weiskopf , Kuno Kurzhals

Eye movements can provide informative cues to understand human visual scan/search behavior and cognitive load during varying tasks. Visualizations of real-time gaze measures during tasks, provide an understanding of human behavior as the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Gavindya Jayawardena , Vikas Ashok , Sampath Jayarathna

Although eye-tracking technology is being integrated into more VR and MR headsets, the true potential of eye tracking in enhancing user interactions within XR settings remains relatively untapped. Presently, one of the most prevalent gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Naveen Sendhilnathan , Ajoy S. Fernandes , Michael J. Proulx , Tanya R. Jonker

Advanced multimodal AI agents can now collaborate with users to solve challenges in the world. Yet, these emerging contextual AI systems rely on explicit communication channels between the user and system. We hypothesize that implicit…

We demonstrate EyeDoc, a tool for navigating software documentation with the use of the eyes. When programming, developers often have many windows open such as an IDE, consoles and GUIs for third-party utilities, the application under…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Robert Wallace , Collin McMillan

Eye-tracking has potential to provide rich behavioral data about human cognition in ecologically valid environments. However, analyzing this rich data is often challenging. Most automated analyses are specific to simplistic artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Karan Uppal , Jaeah Kim , Shashank Singh

This paper is a survey discussing Information Retrieval concepts, methods, and applications. It goes deep into the document and query modelling involved in IR systems, in addition to pre-processing operations such as removing stop words and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Youssef Bassil

Eye-gaze tracking research offers significant promise in enhancing various healthcare-related tasks, above all in medical image analysis and interpretation. Eye tracking, a technology that monitors and records the movement of the eyes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Sahar Moradizeyveh , Mehnaz Tabassum , Sidong Liu , Robert Ahadizad Newport , Amin Beheshti , Antonio Di Ieva

Carousels have become the de-facto standard user interface in online services. However, there is a lack of research in carousels, particularly examining how recommender systems may be designed differently than the traditional single-list…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Santiago de Leon-Martinez , Robert Moro , Branislav Kveton , Maria Bielikova

We present a novel, web-based visual eye-tracking analytics tool called Gazealytics. Our open-source toolkit features a unified combination of gaze analytics features that support flexible exploratory analysis, along with annotation of…