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The Traveling Salesperson problem asks for the shortest cyclic tour visiting a set of cities given their pairwise distances and belongs to the NP-hard complexity class, which means that with all known algorithms in the worst case instances…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-18 Hendrik Schawe , Alexander K. Hartmann

This paper presents a novel and straight formulation, and gives a complete insight towards the understanding of the complexity of the problems of the so called NP-Class. In particular, this paper focuses in the Searching of the Optimal…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-14 Carlos Barron-Romero

In this paper, we provide a novel strategy for solving Traveling Salesman Problem, which is a famous combinatorial optimization problem studied intensely in the TCS community. In particular, we consider the imitation learning framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Pingbang Hu

This paper proposes a framework that formulates a wide range of graph combinatorial optimization problems using permutation-based representations. These problems include the travelling salesman problem, maximum independent set, maximum cut,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yimeng Min

We develop a complexity theory for approximate real computations. We first produce a theory for exact computations but with condition numbers. The input size depends on a condition number, which is not assumed known by the machine. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Gregorio Malajovich , Mike Shub

Bilevel linear programming (LP) is one of the simplest classes of bilevel optimization problems, yet it is known to be NP-hard in general. Specifically, determining whether the optimal objective value of a bilevel LP is at least as good as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Nagisa Sugishita , Margarida Carvalho

We present an exact formulation of the symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that replaces the classical edge-selection view with a surface-building approach. Instead of selecting edges to form a cycle, the model selects a set of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yılmaz Arslanoğlu

One of my recent papers transforms an NP-Complete problem into the question of whether or not a feasible real solution exists to some Linear Program. The unique feature of this Linear Program is that though there is no explicit bound on the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-03-08 Deepak Ponvel Chermakani

Combinatorial optimization is the field devoted to the study and practice of algorithms that solve NP-hard problems. As Machine Learning (ML) and deep learning have popularized, several research groups have started to use ML to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Antoine François , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau

Recent work on neural scaling laws demonstrates that model performance scales predictably with compute budget, model size, and dataset size. In this work, we develop scaling laws based on problem complexity. We analyze two fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Lowell Weissman , Michael Krumdick , A. Lynn Abbott

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is one of the best-known combinatorial optimisation problems. However, many real-world problems are composed of several interacting components. The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) addresses such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Jakob Bossek , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated as unconstrained binary models, taking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Özlem Salehi , Adam Glos , Jarosław Adam Miszczak

We describe a hybrid procedure for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to provable optimality. We first sparsify the instance, and then use a hybrid algorithm that combines a branch-and-cut TSP solver with a Hamiltonian cycle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

The traveling-salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We study the traveling salesman problem when the positions of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-10-18 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta , Carlo Vanoni

The problem of deciding if a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) tour is minimal was proved to be coNP-complete by Papadimitriou and Steiglitz. We give an alternative proof based on a polynomial time reduction from 3SAT. Like the original…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-24 Marzio De Biasi

NP hard optimization problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) defy efficient solutions in the worst case, yet real-world instances often exhibit exploitable patterns. We propose a novel patternaware complexity framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Olivier Saidi

Understanding the interactions between different combinatorial optimisation problems in real-world applications is a challenging task. Recently, the traveling thief problem (TTP), as a combination of the classical traveling salesperson…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Frank Neumann , Sergey Polyakovskiy , Martin Skutella , Leen Stougie , Junhua Wu

The traveling salesman problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem with strong exact algorithms. However, as problems scale up, these exact algorithms fail to provide a solution in a reasonable time. To resolve this, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yong Liang Goh , Wee Sun Lee , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Nicholas Lim

We study a semidefinite programming relaxation of the traveling salesman problem introduced by de Klerk, Pasechnik, and Sotirov [8] and show that their relaxation has an unbounded integrality gap. In particular, we give a family of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Samuel C. Gutekunst , David P. Williamson

We show that the Unconstrained Traveling Tournament Problem (UTTP) is APX-complete by presenting an L-reduction from a version of metric (1,2)-TSP to UTTP. Keywords: Traveling Tournament Problem, APX-complete, Approximation algorithms,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Salomon Bendayan , Joseph Cheriyan , Kevin K. H. Cheung