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We study causal effect estimation under interference from network data. We work under the chain-graph formulation pioneered in Tchetgen Tchetgen et. al (2021). Our first result shows that polynomial time evaluation of treatment effects is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Sohom Bhattacharya , Subhabrata Sen

In this paper, detection of deception attack on deep neural network (DNN) based image classification in autonomous and cyber-physical systems is considered. Several studies have shown the vulnerability of DNN to malicious deception attacks.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Darpan Kumar Yadav , Kartik Mundra , Rahul Modpur , Arpan Chattopadhyay , Indra Narayan Kar

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently made significant progress in many fields. However, studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples, where imperceptible perturbations can greatly mislead DNNs even if the full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhaoxia Yin , Shaowei Zhu , Hang Su , Jianteng Peng , Wanli Lyu , Bin Luo

Quantifying the causal influence of input features within neural networks has become a topic of increasing interest. Existing approaches typically assess direct, indirect, and total causal effects. This work treats NNs as structural causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-07 Saptarshi Saha , Dhruv Vansraj Rathore , Soumadeep Saha , Utpal Garain , David Doermann

In scientific domains -- from biology to the social sciences -- many questions boil down to \textit{What effect will we observe if we intervene on a particular variable?} If the causal relationships (e.g.~a causal graph) are known, it is…

Machine learning models have been successfully applied to a wide range of applications including computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. A successful implementation of these models however, usually relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Arash Rahnama , Andrew Tseng

Visual representation based on covariance matrix has demonstrates its efficacy for image classification by characterising the pairwise correlation of different channels in convolutional feature maps. However, pairwise correlation will…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Saimunur Rahman , Piotr Koniusz , Lei Wang , Luping Zhou , Peyman Moghadam , Changming Sun

Adversarial examples, generated by adding small but intentionally imperceptible perturbations to normal examples, can mislead deep neural networks (DNNs) to make incorrect predictions. Although much work has been done on both adversarial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Kelei Cao , Mengchen Liu , Hang Su , Jing Wu , Jun Zhu , Shixia Liu

We study optimal covariate balance for causal inferences from observational data when rich covariates and complex relationships necessitate flexible modeling with neural networks. Standard approaches such as propensity weighting and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-16 Nathan Kallus

The recent success of brain-inspired deep neural networks (DNNs) in solving complex, high-level visual tasks has led to rising expectations for their potential to match the human visual system. However, DNNs exhibit idiosyncrasies that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-08 Chihye Han , Wonjun Yoon , Gihyun Kwon , Seungkyu Nam , Daeshik Kim

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance and provide significant progress in many machine learning tasks, such as image classification, speech processing, natural language processing, etc. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Sid Ahmed Fezza , Yassine Bakhti , Wassim Hamidouche , Olivier Déforges

In this work, we propose a novel generative method to identify the causal impact and apply it to prediction tasks. We conduct causal impact analysis using interventional and counterfactual perspectives. First, applying interventions, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Soma Bandyopadhyay , Sudeshna Sarkar

In this paper, we propose deep learning techniques for econometrics, specifically for causal inference and for estimating individual as well as average treatment effects. The contribution of this paper is twofold: 1. For generalized…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-03-02 Vikas Ramachandra

This paper considers the problem of helping humans exercise scalable oversight over deep neural networks (DNNs). Adversarial examples can be useful by helping to reveal weaknesses in DNNs, but they can be difficult to interpret or draw…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Stephen Casper , Kaivalya Hariharan , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Target detection systems identify targets by localizing their coordinates on the input image of interest. This is ideally achieved by labeling each pixel in an image as a background or a potential target pixel. Deep Convolutional Neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Uche M. Osahor , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on most recognition tasks such as image classification and segmentation. However, they have also been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. This phenomenon has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Anurag Arnab , Ondrej Miksik , Philip H. S. Torr

Convolutional neural network (CNN) models for computer vision are powerful but lack explainability in their most basic form. This deficiency remains a key challenge when applying CNNs in important domains. Recent work on explanations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Ruihan Zhang , Prashan Madumal , Tim Miller , Krista A. Ehinger , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Probabilistic Graphical Bayesian models of causation have continued to impact on strategic analyses designed to help evaluate the efficacy of different interventions on systems. However, the standard causal algebras upon which these…

Adversarial robustness corresponds to the susceptibility of deep neural networks to imperceptible perturbations made at test time. In the context of image tasks, many algorithms have been proposed to make neural networks robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Pranjal Awasthi , George Yu , Chun-Sung Ferng , Andrew Tomkins , Da-Cheng Juan

Causal representation learning has attracted significant research interest during the past few years, as a means for improving model generalization and robustness. Causal representations of interventional image pairs (also called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Panagiotis Alimisis , Christos Diou