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In recent years, head-mounted near-eye display devices have become the key hardware foundation for virtual reality and augmented reality. Thus head-mounted gaze tracking technology has received attention as an essential part of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Wei Zhang , Jiaxi Cao , Xiang Wang , Enqi Tian , Bin Li

We present a real-time gaze-based interaction simulation methodology using an offline dataset to evaluate the eye-tracking signal quality. This study employs three fundamental eye-movement classification algorithms to identify physiological…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mehedi Hasan Raju , Samantha Aziz , Michael J. Proulx , Oleg V. Komogortsev

Eye tracking is an important tool with a wide range of applications in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR/AR/MR) technologies. State-of-the-art eye tracking methods are either reflection-based and track reflections of sparse point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Tianfu Wang , Jiazhang Wang , Oliver Cossairt , Florian Willomitzer

Recent reasoning language models, particularly those that employ long latent chains of thought, achieve strong performance on complex agentic tasks. However, as these models operate over increasingly long time horizons, their internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hans Peter Lyngsøe Raaschou-Jensen , Constanza Fierro , Anders Søgaard

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding visual content, yet their ability to predict where humans look on user interfaces remains unexplored. We present UIGaze, a study investigating how closely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Min Song , Yoonseong Lee , Yeonhu Seo

Imitation learning for acquiring generalizable policies often requires a large volume of demonstration data, making the process significantly costly. One promising strategy to address this challenge is to leverage the cognitive and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yutaro Ishida , Takamitsu Matsubara , Takayuki Kanai , Kazuhiro Shintani , Hiroshi Bito

Introduction: In the realm of human-computer interaction and behavioral research, accurate real-time gaze estimation is critical. Traditional methods often rely on expensive equipment or large datasets, which are impractical in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Esther Enhui Ye , John Enzhou Ye , Joseph Ye , Jacob Ye , Runzhou Ye

Mobile gaze tracking faces a fundamental challenge: maintaining accuracy as users naturally change their postures and device orientations. Traditional calibration approaches, like one-off, fail to adapt to these dynamic conditions, leading…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yaxiong Lei , Mingyue Zhao , Yuheng Wang , Shijing He , Yusuke Sugano , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Automated estimation of the allocation of a driver's visual attention may be a critical component of future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. In theory, vision-based tracking of the eye can provide a good estimate of gaze location. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Lex Fridman , Philipp Langhans , Joonbum Lee , Bryan Reimer

Deep learning has bolstered gaze estimation techniques, but real-world deployment has been impeded by inadequate training datasets. This problem is exacerbated by both hardware-induced variations in eye images and inherent biological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sean Anthony Byrne , Virmarie Maquiling , Marcus Nyström , Enkelejda Kasneci , Diederick C. Niehorster

Annotation is an effective reading strategy people often undertake while interacting with digital text. It involves highlighting pieces of text and making notes about them. Annotating while reading in a desktop environment is considered…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Anam Ahmad Khan , Joshua Newn , Ryan Kelly , Namrata Srivastava , James Bailey , Eduardo Velloso

A new high-precision eye-tracking method has been demonstrated recently by tracking the motion of iris features rather than by exploiting pupil edges. While the method provides high precision, it suffers from temporal drift, an inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Aayush K. Chaudhary , Jeff B. Pelz

Head-mounted devices integrated with eye tracking promise a solution for natural human-computer interaction. However, they typically require per-user calibration for optimal performance due to inter-person variability. A differential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Beyza Kalkanli , Tom Bu , Mahsa Shakeri , Alexander Fix , Dave Stronks , Dmitri Model , Mantas Žurauskas

Human eye-hand coordination relies on internal forward models that predict future states and compensate for sensory delays. During line tracing, the gaze typically leads the hand through predictive saccades, yet the extent to which this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-08 Emiko Shishido

From smoothly pursuing moving objects to rapidly shifting gazes during visual search, humans employ a wide variety of eye movement strategies in different contexts. While eye movements provide a rich window into mental processes, building…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jason Li , Nicholas Watters , Yingting , Wang , Hansem Sohn , Mehrdad Jazayeri

With advancements in AI, new gaze estimation methods are exceeding state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks, but their real-world application reveals a gap with commercial eye-tracking solutions. Factors like model size, inference time, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang , Namrata Srivastava , Yashvitha Thatigotla , Jorge A. Salas , Sara McFadden , Sun-Joo Cho , Amanda Goodwin , Ashwin TS , Gautam Biswas

The paper presents the design of an assistive reading tool that integrates read-aloud technology with eye-tracking to regulate the speed of reading and support struggling readers in following the text while listening to it. The paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Gianluca Schiavo , Nadia Mana , Ornella Mich , Massimo Zancanaro , Remo Job

A custom head-mounted system to track smooth eye movements for control of a mouse cursor is implemented and evaluated. The system comprises a head-mounted infrared camera, an infrared light source, and a computer. Software-based image…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Adam Pantanowitz , Kimoon Kim , Chelsey Chewins , Isabel N. K. Tollman , David M. Rubin

Throughout the search process, the user's gaze on inspected SERPs and websites can reveal his or her search interests. Gaze behavior can be captured with eye tracking and described with word-eye-fixations. Word-eye-fixations contain the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Masoud Davari , Daniel Hienert , Dagmar Kern , Stefan Dietze

We study the tracking problem, namely, estimating the hidden state of an object over time, from unreliable and noisy measurements. The standard framework for the tracking problem is the generative framework, which is the basis of solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-01-19 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yoav Freund , Daniel Hsu