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We show that in mixed-valence 3d transition metal oxides undergoing a structural transition, the low temperature phase results from an effective ordering of the charge. This arrangement and the quantitative evaluation of the atomic charges…
Untangling the relationship between reactions, mass transfer, and temperature within lithium-ion batteries enables control approaches that mitigate thermal hot spots and slow degradation. Here, we develop an efficient physics-based…
We present a continuum model for symmetry-breaking phase transformations in intercalation compounds, based on Ericksen's multi-well energy formulation. The model predicts the nucleation and growth of crystallographic microstructures in…
Graphite is the most widely used anode material in lithium-ion batteries with over 98% market share. However, despite its first application over 30 years ago, the lithium insertion processes and associated dynamics in graphite remain poorly…
Correlation functions and correlation lengths are frequently used to describe phase transitions in quantum systems, but they require an explicit choice of observables. The recently introduced information lattice instead provides an…
Conventional lithium-ion batteries, and many next-generation technologies, rely on organic electrolytes with multiple solvents to achieve the desired physicochemical and interfacial properties. The complex interplay between these properties…
Solid-ion conductors (SICs) comprising non-ionic plastic crystals and lithium salts often require compositing with polymers to render them processable for use in solid-state lithium-metal batteries. Here, we show that polymer-doped plastic…
Charge order is a widely observed and representative example of spontaneous broken symmetries in quantum states of matter. Owing to the large intra-atomic Coulomb energy, the charge redistribution in such an order typically implies…
We present results of Monte-Carlo simulations for finite 2D single and bilayer systems. Strong Coulomb correlations lead to arrangement of particles in configurations resembling a crystal lattice. For binary layers, there exists a…
In a unified approach, we study the transport properties of periodic-on-average bi-layered photonic crystals, metamaterials and electron superlattices. Our consideration is based on the analytical expression for the localization length…
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of photoinduced phase transitions in charge ordered (CO) systems with a strong electron-lattice interaction and analyze the interplay between electrons, periodic lattice distortions, and a phonon thermal…
Correlations between electrons and the effective dimensionality are crucial factors that shape the properties of an interacting electron system. For example, the onsite Coulomb repulsion, U, may inhibit, or completely block the intersite…
As the energy storage ecosystem evolves beyond lithium, MXenes, a versatile family of 2D materials derived from MAX phases, have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage electrodes due to their tunable surface…
The quest for safe high-energy batteries with "5V-class" cathodes and lithium metal anodes drives research into solid electrolytes. However, reasons for the large charge transfer resistances -- the major bottleneck of all-solid-state…
The cointercalation of sodium with the solvent organic molecule into graphite can resolve difficulty of forming the stage-I Na-graphite intercalation compound, which is a predominant anode of Na-ion battery. To clarify the mechanism of such…
Electron correlation in solid has a major impact on material properties. However, it has been studied mainly by theory, with very limited direct experimental investigations. Here, we report the results of real-space measurement of dynamic…
Recent advances in electron microscopy trigger the question whether attosecond electron diffraction can resolve atomic-scale electron dynamics in crystalline materials in space and time. Here we explore the physics of the relevant…
The market quest for fast-charging, safe, long-lasting and performant batteries drives the exploration of new energy storage materials, but also promotes fundamental investigations of materials already widely used. Presently, revamped…
Ion Coulomb crystals are ordered structures formed by laser-cooled ions in traps that are characterized by interparticle distances of several micrometers and energy scales on the order of $\mu$eV. Their crystalline structure emerges from…
We observed elastic collisions between laser-cooled fermionic lithium atoms and calcium ions at the energy range from 100 mK to 3 K. Lithium atoms in an optical-dipole trap were transported to the center of the ion trap using an optical…