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Existing bounds on the generalization error of deep networks assume some form of smooth or bounded dependence on the input variable, falling short of investigating the mechanisms controlling such factors in practice. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Matteo Gamba , Hossein Azizpour , Mårten Björkman

Stochastic gradient descent with backpropagation is the workhorse of artificial neural networks. It has long been recognized that backpropagation fails to be a biologically plausible algorithm. Fundamentally, it is a non-local procedure --…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-24 Ganlin Song , Ruitu Xu , John Lafferty

Stochastic gradient descent with a large initial learning rate is widely used for training modern neural net architectures. Although a small initial learning rate allows for faster training and better test performance initially, the large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Yuanzhi Li , Colin Wei , Tengyu Ma

Understanding the inductive bias and generalization properties of large overparametrized machine learning models requires to characterize the dynamics of the training algorithm. We study the learning dynamics of large two-layer neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Andrea Montanari , Pierfrancesco Urbani

We investigate the complexity of deep neural networks through the lens of functional equivalence, which posits that different parameterizations can yield the same network function. Leveraging the equivalence property, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Guohao Shen

Meta-learning that uses implicit gradient have provided an exciting alternative to standard techniques which depend on the trajectory of the inner loop training. Implicit meta-learning (IML), however, require computing $2^{nd}$ order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fady Rezk

Understanding how deep neural networks learn representations remains a central challenge in machine learning theory. In this work, we propose a feature-centric framework for analyzing neural network training by relating weight updates to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Taehun Cha , Daniel Beaglehole , Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Donghun Lee

The success of deep neural networks is in part due to the use of normalization layers. Normalization layers like Batch Normalization, Layer Normalization and Weight Normalization are ubiquitous in practice, as they improve generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Yonatan Dukler , Quanquan Gu , Guido Montúfar

Over-parametrization is an important technique in training neural networks. In both theory and practice, training a larger network allows the optimization algorithm to avoid bad local optimal solutions. In this paper we study a closely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Xiang Wang , Chenwei Wu , Jason D. Lee , Tengyu Ma , Rong Ge

The performance of a deep neural network is highly dependent on its training, and finding better local optimal solutions is the goal of many optimization algorithms. However, existing optimization algorithms show a preference for descent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Huangxing Lin , Weihong Zeng , Xinghao Ding , Yue Huang , Chenxi Huang , John Paisley

We investigate the statistical behavior of gradient descent iterates with dropout in the linear regression model. In particular, non-asymptotic bounds for the convergence of expectations and covariance matrices of the iterates are derived.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Gabriel Clara , Sophie Langer , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

We prove that the gradient descent training of a two-layer neural network on empirical or population risk may not decrease population risk at an order faster than $t^{-4/(d-2)}$ under mean field scaling. Thus gradient descent training for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Stephan Wojtowytsch , Weinan E

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Amal Rannen Triki , Maxim Berman , Matthew B. Blaschko

Normalization layers have recently experienced a renaissance in the deep reinforcement learning and continual learning literature, with several works highlighting diverse benefits such as improving loss landscape conditioning and combatting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Clare Lyle , Zeyu Zheng , Khimya Khetarpal , James Martens , Hado van Hasselt , Razvan Pascanu , Will Dabney

We approach the problem of implicit regularization in deep learning from a geometrical viewpoint. We highlight a regularization effect induced by a dynamical alignment of the neural tangent features introduced by Jacot et al, along a small…

Recent empirical evidence has demonstrated that the training dynamics of large-scale deep neural networks occur within low-dimensional subspaces. While this has inspired new research into low-rank training, compression, and adaptation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alec S. Xu , Can Yaras , Matthew Asato , Qing Qu , Laura Balzano

Training deep neural networks is a very demanding task, especially challenging is how to adapt architectures to improve the performance of trained models. We can find that sometimes, shallow networks generalize better than deep networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 David Peer , Bart Keulen , Sebastian Stabinger , Justus Piater , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

Path regularization has shown to be a very effective regularization to train neural networks, leading to a better generalization property than common regularizations i.e. weight decay, etc. We propose a first near-complete (as will be made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Hao Yu

This article is an overview of supervised machine learning problems for regression and classification. Topics include: kernel methods, training by stochastic gradient descent, deep learning architecture, losses for classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Adam M Oberman