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Radio frequency fingerprints (RFFs) enable secure wireless authentication but struggle in open-set scenarios with unknown devices and varying channels. Existing methods face challenges in generalization and incur high computational costs.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Mingxi Zhang , Renjie Xie , Jincheng Wang , Guyue Li , Wei Xu

LoRa backscatter (LB) communication systems can be considered as a potential candidate for ultra low power wide area networks (LPWAN) because of their low cost and low power consumption. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze LB…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ganghui Lin , Ahmed Elzanaty , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Static noise maps depicting long-term noise levels over wide areas are valuable urban planning assets for municipalities in decreasing noise exposure of residents. However, non-traffic noise sources with transient behavior, which people…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 H. Emre Erdem , Henry Leung

Thanks to its simplicity and cost efficiency, wireless local area network (WLAN) enjoys unique advantages in providing high-speed and low-cost wireless services in hot spots and indoor environments. Traditional WLAN medium-access-control…

Performance · Computer Science 2007-10-04 Ying Jun Zhang , Peng Xuan Zheng , Soung Chang Liew

Grant Free Random Access (GFRA) is a popular protocol in the Internet of Things (IoT) to reduce the control signaling. GFRA is a framed protocol where each frame is split into two parts: device identification; and data transmission part…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Alix Jeannerot , Malcolm Egan , Jean-Marie Gorce

LoRa (Long-Range) is an LPWAN (low-power wide-area network) protocol that is part of the IoT family that focusses on long-range communication of up to 14km, albeit with delay-inherent transmissions. Three IoT-based time synchronisation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Timothy Jones , Khondokar Fida Hasan

We evaluate the performance of the LoRaWAN Long-Range Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) technique using a device-level probabilistic strategy for code rate and header replica allocation. Specifically, we investigate the effects of…

Bandwidth constraints limit LoRa implementations. Contemporary IoT applications require higher throughput than that provided by LoRa. This work introduces a LoRa Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system and a spatial multiplexing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Atonu Ghosh , Sharath Chandan , Sudip Misra

In a telecommunication network, Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) is the problem of finding lightpaths for incoming connection requests. When facing a dynamic traffic, greedy assignment of lightpaths to incoming requests based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Maryam Daryalal , Merve Bodur

The integration of LoRa technologies with mesh topologies represents a robust alternative for off-grid communications in emergency scenarios within smart cities. Meshtastic firmware implements a decentralised mesh network over LoRa where…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Guillermo Antonio Hernandez Ortiz , Edgar Santiago Quiroz Puentes , José de Jesús Rugeles

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are becoming an integral part of the Internet of Things. As a consequence, businesses, administration, and, subsequently, society itself depend on the reliability and availability of these communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Frank Hessel , Lars Almon , Flor Álvarez

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Usman Raza , Parag Kulkarni , Mahesh Sooriyabandara

The integration of subterranean LoRaWAN and non-terrestrial networks (NTN) delivers substantial economic and societal benefits in remote agriculture and disaster rescue operations. The LoRa modulation leverages quasi-orthogonal spreading…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaiqiang Lin , Muhammad Asad Ullah , Hirley Alves , Konstantin Mikhaylov , Tong Hao

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of Low-power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) in the unlicensed band for various Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Due to the ultra-low transmission power and long transmission duration, LPWAN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Kai Sun , Zhimeng Yin , Weiwei Chen , Shuai Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Tian He

LoRa has become a cornerstone for city-wide IoT applications due to its long-range, low-power communication. It achieves extended transmission by spreading symbols over multiple samples, with redundancy controlled by the Spreading Factor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Weiwei Chen , Huaxuan Xiao , Jiefeng Zhang , Xianjin Xia , Shuai Wang , Xianjun Deng , Dan Zeng

The anticipated increase in the count of IoT devices in the coming years motivates the development of efficient algorithms that can help in their effective management while keeping the power consumption low. In this paper, we propose an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Inaam Ilahi , Muhammad Usama , Muhammad Omer Farooq , Muhammad Umar Janjua , Junaid Qadir

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) demand high receiver sensitivity and efficient physical-layer signal processing. This paper introduces a unified framework for generalized block signal transmission in LPWANs, addressing the limitations…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wenkun Wen , Tierui Min , Long Yuan , Minghua Xia

Within the LPWAN framework, the LoRa modulation adopted by LoRaWAN technology has garnered significant interest as a connectivity solution for IoT applications due to its ability to offer low-cost, low-power, and long-range communications.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-27 Jamil Farhat , Gianni Pasolini , Enrico Paolini , Muhammad Asad Ullah , Richard Demo Souza

We consider a multipoint-to-point network in which sensors periodically send measurements to a gateway. The system uses Long Range (LoRa) communications in a frequency band with duty-cycle limits. Our aim is to enhance the reliability of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Siddhartha Borkotoky , Christian Bettstetter , Udo Schilcher , Christian Raffelsberger

Billions of IoT devices are deployed worldwide and batteries are their main power source. However, these batteries are bulky, short-lived and full of hazardous chemicals that damage our environment. Relying on batteries is not a sustainable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Carmen Delgado , José María Sanz , Chris Blondia , Jeroen Famaey