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Matrix-vector multiplication forms the basis of many iterative solution algorithms and as such is an important algorithm also for hierarchical matrices which are used to represent dense data in an optimized form by applying low-rank…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ronald Kriemann

Hierarchical matrices provide a highly memory-efficient way of storing dense linear operators arising, for example, from boundary element methods, particularly when stored in the H^2 format. In such data-sparse representations, iterative…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Sven Christophersen

The multiplication of matrices is an important arithmetic operation in computational mathematics. In the context of hierarchical matrices, this operation can be realized by the multiplication of structured block-wise low-rank matrices,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-24 Jürgen Dölz , Helmut Harbrecht , Michael D. Multerer

Hierarchical matrices approximate a given matrix by a decomposition into low-rank submatrices that can be handled efficiently in factorized form. $\mathcal{H}^2$-matrices refine this representation following the ideas of fast multipole…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Steffen Börm

Hierarchical matrices are data-sparse approximations of dense matrices that are widely used for fast matrix computations. Hierarchical matrices are built using a tree data structure, with low-rank blocks identified by various admissibility…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Ritesh Khan , Erin Carson

We present a distributed-memory library for computations with dense structured matrices. A matrix is considered structured if its off-diagonal blocks can be approximated by a rank-deficient matrix with low numerical rank. Here, we use…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-06-29 François-Henry Rouet , Xiaoye S. Li , Pieter Ghysels , Artem Napov

In this work, we consider the reformulation of hierarchical ($\mathcal{H}$) matrix algorithms for many-core processors with a model implementation on graphics processing units (GPUs). $\mathcal{H}$ matrices approximate specific dense…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Peter Zaspel

The hierarchical matrix framework partitions matrices into subblocks that are either small or of low numerical rank, enabling linear storage complexity and efficient matrix-vector multiplication. This work focuses on the $H^2$-matrix format…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Anna Yesypenko , Per-Gunnar Martinsson

Hierarchical Matrix (H-matrix) is an approximation technique which splits a target dense matrix into multiple submatrices, and where a selected portion of submatrices are low-rank approximated. The technique substantially reduces both time…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Rise Ooi , Takeshi Iwashita , Takeshi Fukaya , Akihiro Ida , Rio Yokota

Numerical algorithms for elliptic partial differential equations frequently employ error estimators and adaptive mesh refinement strategies in order to reduce the computational cost. We can extend these techniques to general vectors by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Steffen Börm

Hierarchical $\mathcal{H}^2$-matrices are asymptotically optimal representations for the discretizations of non-local operators such as those arising in integral equations or from kernel functions. Their $O(N)$ complexity in both memory and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Stefano Zampini , Wajih Boukaram , George Turkiyyah , Omar Knio , David E. Keyes

Several researchers have developed a rich toolbox of matrix compression techniques that exploit structure and redundancy in large matrices. Classical methods such as the block low-rank format and the Fast Multipole Method make it possible…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Arthur Saunier , Leo Agelas , Ani Anciaux Sedrakian , Ibtihel Ben Gharbia , Xavier Claeys

Starting from the local structures to study hierarchical trees is a common research method. However, the cumbersome analysis and description make the naive method challenging to adapt to the increasingly complex hierarchical tree problems.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Jianping Cai , Ximeng Liu , Jiayin Li , Shuangyue Zhang

Kernel matrices are ubiquitous in computational mathematics, often arising from applications in machine learning and scientific computing. In two or three spatial or feature dimensions, such problems can be approximated efficiently by a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Abraham Khan , Chao Chen , Vishwas Rao , Arvind K. Saibaba

Boundary integral equations lead to dense system matrices when discretized, yet they are data-sparse. Using the $\mathcal{H}$-matrix format, this sparsity is exploited to achieve $\mathcal{O}(N\log N)$ complexity for storage and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Kobe Bruyninckx , Daan Huybrechs , Karl Meerbergen

In this paper, a hierarchical Tucker low-rank (HTLR) matrix is proposed to approximate non-oscillatory kernel functions in linear complexity. The HTLR matrix is based on the hierarchical matrix, with the low-rank blocks replaced by Tucker…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-11 Yingzhou Li , Jingyu Liu

We present high performance implementations of the QR and the singular value decomposition of a batch of small matrices hosted on the GPU with applications in the compression of hierarchical matrices. The one-sided Jacobi algorithm is used…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Wajih Halim Boukaram , George Turkiyyah , Hatem Ltaief , David E. Keyes

The discretization of non-local operators, e.g., solution operators of partial differential equations or integral operators, leads to large densely populated matrices. $\mathcal{H}^2$-matrices take advantage of local low-rank structures in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Steffen Börm

Hierarchical matrix computations have attracted significant attention in the science and engineering community as exploiting data-sparse structures can significantly reduce the computational complexity of many important kernels. One…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Erin Carson , Xinye Chen , Xiaobo Liu

We introduce a data distribution scheme for $\mathcal{H}$-matrices and a distributed-memory algorithm for $\mathcal{H}$-matrix-vector multiplication. Our data distribution scheme avoids an expensive $\Omega(P^2)$ scheduling procedure used…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Yingzhou Li , Jack Poulson , Lexing Ying
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