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Related papers: Factoring semi-primes with (quantum) SAT-solvers

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In recent years, advancements in quantum chip technology, such as Willow, have contributed to reducing quantum computation error rates, potentially accelerating the practical adoption of quantum computing. As a result, the design of quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Abel C. H. Chen

Almost all public secure communication relies on the inability to factor large numbers. There is no known analytic or classical numeric method to rapidly factor large numbers. Shor[1] has shown that a quantum computer can factor numbers in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-17 Eric Lewin Altschuler , Timothy J. Williams

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize cryptography by breaking classical public-key cryptography schemes, such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman. However, breaking the widely used 2048-bit RSA using Shor's quantum factoring algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Tanuj Khattar , Noureldin Yosri

Shor's algorithm can find prime factors of a large number more efficiently than any known classical algorithm. Understanding the properties that gives the speedup is essential for a general and scalable construction. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson

We give algorithms to factorize large integers in the duality computer. We provide three duality algorithms for factorization based on a naive factorization method, the Shor algorithm in quantum computing, and the Fermat's method in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Wan-Ying Wang , Bin Shang , Chuan Wang , Gui Lu Long

Shor's algorithm is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, since $\sim 10^6$ physical qubits are believed to be required for established approaches, the algorithm will need to be distributed across many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Tian Xue , Jacob P. Covey

Quantum computers are able to outperform classical algorithms. This was long recognized by the visionary Richard Feynman who pointed out in the 1980s that quantum mechanical problems were better solved with quantum machines. It was only in…

Quantum information processing and its associated technologies has reached an interesting and timely stage in their development where many different experiments have been performed establishing the basic building blocks. The challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Simon J. Devitt , Ashley M. Stephens , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

A scheme to encode arbitrarily long integer pairs on degenerate optical parametric oscillations multiplexed in time is proposed. The classical entanglement between the polarization directions and the phases of the oscillating pulses,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Minghui Li , Wei Wang , Zikang Tang , Hou Ian

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

Quantum computational algorithms exploit quantum mechanics to solve problems exponentially faster than the best classical algorithms. Shor's quantum algorithm for fast number factoring is a key example and the prime motivator in the…

Shor's algorithm (SA) is a quantum algorithm for factoring integers. Since SA has polynomial complexity while the best classical factoring algorithms are sub-exponential, SA is cited as evidence that quantum computers are more powerful than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-21 C. Ray Hill , George F. Viamontes

The difficulty of factoring large integers into primes is the basis for cryptosystems such as RSA. Due to the widespread popularity of RSA, there have been many proposed attacks on the factorization problem such as side-channel attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yameen Ajani , Curtis Bright

Quantum computing technology may soon deliver revolutionary improvements in algorithmic performance, but these are only useful if computed answers are correct. While hardware-level decoherence errors have garnered significant attention, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yuxiang Peng , Kesha Hietala , Runzhou Tao , Liyi Li , Robert Rand , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu

Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- and post-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows an exponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider the stability of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Simon J. Devitt , Austin G. Fowler , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Quantum computers have the potential to perform computational tasks beyond the reach of classical machines. A prominent example is Shor's algorithm for integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which is of both fundamental importance…

This work presents a generalized period decomposition approach, significantly improving the practical reliability of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm. Although Shor's algorithm theoretically enables polynomial-time integer factorization,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Chih-Chen Liao , Chia-Hsin Liu , Yun-Cheng Tsai

Modern cryptography is largely based on complexity assumptions, for example, the ubiquitous RSA is based on the supposed complexity of the prime factorization problem. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to understand how a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Jose Luis Rosales

Quantum computers can execute algorithms that dramatically outperform classical computation. As the best-known example, Shor discovered an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas factoring appears to be difficult for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Andrew M. Childs , Wim van Dam

These are pedagogical notes on Shor's factoring algorithm, which is a quantum algorithm for factoring very large numbers (of order of hundreds to thousands of bits) in polynomial time. In contrast, all known classical algorithms for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Robert L Singleton