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We address the applicability of quantum key distribution with continuous-variable coherent and squeezed states over long-distance satellite-based links, considering low Earth orbits and taking into account strong varying channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Ivan Derkach , Vladyslav C Usenko

We present a complete protocol for BB84 quantum key distribution for a realistic setting (noise, loss, multi-photon signals of the source) that covers many of todays experimental implementations. The security of this protocol is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 Hitoshi Inamori , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Dominic Mayers

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

The coherent one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a highly practical quantum communication protocol that is currently deployed in off-the-shelves products. However, despite its simplicity and widespread use, the security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Emilien Lavie , Charles C. -W. Lim

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryption keys with security based on the laws of physics. Continuous variable (CV) QKD with coherent states and coherent detection integrates well with existing…

The security of quantum key distribution has traditionally been analyzed in either the asymptotic or non-asymptotic regimes. In this paper, we provide a bridge between these two regimes, by determining second-order coding rates for key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Sumeet Khatri , Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha , Mark M. Wilde

Currently most progresses on quantum secret sharing suffer from rate-distance bound, and thus the key rates are limited. In addition to the limited key rate, the technical difficulty and the corresponding cost together prevent large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-09 Chen-Long Li , Yao Fu , Wen-Bo Liu , Yuan-Mei Xie , Bing-Hong Li , Min-Gang Zhou , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We address security of the quantum key distribution scheme based on the noisy modulation of coherent states and investigate how it is robust against noise in the modulation regardless of the particular technical implementation. As the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-02 Vladyslav C. Usenko , Radim Filip

In recent years, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has become a promising paradigm for enabling secure communication among multiple end users sharing the same telecommunication backbone. CV-QKD with reverse…

We analyze the asymptotic security of the family of Gaussian modulated Quantum Key Distribution protocols for Continuous Variables systems. We prove that the Gaussian unitary attack is optimal for all the considered bounds on the key rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Miguel Navascues , Frederic Grosshans , Antonio Acin

Recent advancements in quantum key distribution have led to the development of various modulator-free transmitters. Among their advantages, these transmitters offer enhanced security against Trojan-horse attacks. However, practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Álvaro Navarrete , Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

We discuss a quantum key distribution scheme in which small phase and amplitude modulations of quantum limited, CW light beams carry the key information. We identify universal constraints on the level of shared information between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. C. Ralph

Mediated semi-quantum key distribution (M-SQKD) permits two limited "semi-quantum" or "classical" users to establish a secret key with the help of a third party (TP), in which TP has fully quantum power and may be untrusted. Several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Chong-Qiang Ye , Jian Li , Xiu-Bo Chen , Yan-Yan Hou

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol, whose security analysis does not rely on any assumption on the detection system, can immune the attacking against detectors. We give a first composable security analysis for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Ziyang Chen , Yi-Chen Zhang , Gan Wang , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for communication with security guaranteed by quantum theory. The main theoretical problem in QKD is to calculate the secret key rate for a given protocol. Analytical formulas are known for protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Patrick J. Coles , Eric M. Metodiev , Norbert Lütkenhaus

The malicious manipulation of quantum key distribution (QKD) hardware is a serious threat to its security, as, typically, neither end users nor QKD manufacturers can validate the integrity of every component of their QKD system in practice.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

We analyze the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that rely on discrete phase randomization (DPR). For many QKD protocols that rely on weak coherent pulses (WCPs), continuous phase randomization is assumed, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Zhaohui Liu , Ahmed Lawey , Mohsen Razavi

Establishing the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution against general attacks in a realistic finite-size regime is an outstanding open problem in the field of theoretical quantum cryptography if we restrict our attention…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Anthony Leverrier

Distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution stands out for its easy implementation with present day technology. Since many years, a full security proof of these schemes in a realistic setting has been elusive. For the first time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-05 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Le Phuc Thinh , Hugo Zbinden , Nicolas Gisin